Utu(“day”, “shining”, “light”), in Sumerian mythology the solar god, son of the moon god Nanna, brother of Inanna (Ishtar). On his daily journey through the sky, Utu-Shamash hid in the underworld in the evening, bringing light, drink and food to the dead at night, and in the morning he again emerged from behind the mountains, and the exit was opened for him by two guardian gods. Uta was also revered as a judge, the guardian of justice and truth. Most often, the god was depicted with rays behind his back and a sickle-shaped serrated knife in his hand. Shamash, in Akkadian mythology, the all-seeing god of the sun and justice. His radiance illuminated all atrocities, which allowed him to foresee the future. In the morning the guardian, a scorpion man, opened the gates of the huge Mount Mashu, and Shamash rose to the highest point of the sky; in the evening he drove his chariot to another high mountain and hid in its gates. At night, God passed through the depths of the earth to the first gate. Shamash's wife, Aya, gave birth to justice, Kittu, and law and righteousness, Mishara. In Sumerian mythology it corresponds to Utu.

Elohim

Elohim, Ilu, El, ("strong", "mighty", "god"), in ancient Semitic mythology the supreme deity, demiurge and ancestor. Ilu is the father of gods and people, the creator of the universe, who sends offspring to man. He lived “at the source of the River, at the source of both Oceans,” that is, in the center of the universe. Ilu was also the personification of the fruit-bearing principle, the god of fertility, who was called the “bull.” The mother of the gods, Asirat, was considered his wife and daughter. The ancients imagined Ila as a kind, wise and merciful old man, long-bearded, wearing long robes and a high horned tiara, sitting on a throne and accepting sacrifices, and also in the form of a bull. In the Hellenistic period, Ilu was identified with the Greek Zeus and Kronos, and less often with Uranus.

Enki

Enki, Eya, Ea ("lord of the earth"), in Sumerian-Akkadian mythology one of the main deities; he is the master of the Abzu, the underground world ocean of fresh water, all earthly waters, as well as the god of wisdom and the lord of the divine powers of me. The ancients revered him as the creator of grain and livestock, the organizer of world order. One of the myths tells how Enki fertilized the earth and “determined the fate” of cities and countries. He created the plow, the hoe, the brick mold; Having created plants and animals, Enki gave them to the power of the “king of the mountains” Samukan, and made the shepherd Dumuzi master of the stalls and sheepfolds. God is also credited with the invention of gardening, vegetable gardening, flax growing and the collection of medicinal herbs.

Enlil

Enlil (“lord of the wind”), in Sumerian-Akkadian mythology one of the main deities, the son of the sky god Anu. His wife was considered Ninlil, whom he mastered by force, for which he was banished to the underworld. According to the myths that compared Enlil with a roaring wind and a wild bull, he was particularly vicious towards people: he sent pestilence, drought, salinization of the soil and, to top it all, a global flood, during which only Ut-Napishtim, who built ark on the advice of the gods. Enlil, who was often irritated by the noise and bustle of human life, in anger sent storms, storms, terrible disasters to the earth, even the flood.



Shamash

the sun god of the Babylonians and Assyrians. His name was written with an ideogram meaning: “Lord of the Day.” As the god of the second part of the day (they began in the evening), he was inferior in importance to the moon god Sin (q.v.) and was even sometimes called his servant. However, this did not interfere with his high, widespread veneration. The main centers of his cult were Sippar and Elassar. In the second, his temple existed back in the 5th millennium, but the first subsequently eclipsed it and was the subject of concern of both the Babylonian and Kassite, as well as the Assyrian and Chaldean kings, right up to Nabonidus (q.v.), who, on the eve of the collapse of the monarchy, restored it, seeking help from the ancient god. Both temples are called E-barra - "House of Radiance". In prayers and hymns Sh. is called a king, a healer, a righteous judge. He gives light, gives fertility to fields, prosperity to people, frees captives and even resurrects the dead. Sh. was depicted as an old man with a long beard and a high turban on his head; he sits on a throne in the naos, on the wing of which two charioteers are placed, controlling the movement of the solar disk, placed on a pedestal in front of the naos. On the cylinders there are sometimes images of Sh. emerging from the horizon through a gate opened by two spirits.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

Synonyms:

See what “Shamash” is in other dictionaries:

Shamash: Shamash is the sun god in Babylonian and Assyrian mythology; shamash is one of the lamps in the Hanukkiah ... Wikipedia

In Akkadian mythology, the sun god was also revered as the all-seeing deity of justice... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

In Akkadian mythology, the god of the sun and justice, as well as omens. Corresponds to Sumerian Utu. (Source: “Myths of the Peoples of the World.”) ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

SHAMASH, the sun god in Akkadian mythology, was also revered as the all-seeing deity of justice... encyclopedic Dictionary

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 god (375) priest (65) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Overseer, elder of the synagogue among the Karaites, zap., shamash servant of the synagogue (Dal). From Jewish German. šameš servant, servant (Stern) ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer

In Babylonian Assyrian religion and mythology, the god of the sun, justice and oracles... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In Babylonian Assyrian religion and mythology, one of the main gods is the sun god, a symbol of justice. Sippar Worship Center… Soviet historical encyclopedia

Shamash- Assyrian in Babylon. religions and myth. one of chap. gods, sun god, symbol of justice. Sippar Worship Center… Ancient world. encyclopedic Dictionary

SHAMASH- Assyrian in Babylon. mythology god of the sun and justice, son of the moon god Sim... Atheist Dictionary

Books

• Major, ShaMaSh BrahMiN. Cockroaches in the head are motivators!… eBook

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Meaning of the word shamash

shamash in the crossword dictionary

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

shamash

in Akkadian mythology, the sun god was also revered as the all-seeing deity of justice.

Shamash

in Babylonian-Assyrian religion and mythology, the god of the sun, justice and oracles.

Wikipedia

Shamash (mythology)

Shamash(from the Semitic root Sh-M-Sh - sun) - the sun god of the Babylonians and Assyrians. His name was written with an ideogram meaning: “Lord of the Day.” As the god of the second part of the day, he was inferior in importance to the moon god Sin and was sometimes even called his servant. However, this did not interfere with his high, widespread veneration. The main centers of his cult were Sippar and Elassar. In Elassar, his temple existed back in the 5th millennium, but the first subsequently eclipsed it and was the subject of concern of both the Babylonian and Kassite kings, as well as the Assyrian and Chaldean kings, right up to Nabonidus, who, on the eve of the collapse of the monarchy, restored it, seeking help from the ancient god. Both temples are called E-barra - "House of Radiance". In prayers and hymns, Shamash was called a king, a healer, a righteous judge. It was believed that he gives light, gives fertility to fields, prosperity to people, frees prisoners and even resurrects the dead. Shamash was depicted as an old man with a long beard and a high turban on his head; he sits on a throne in the naos, on the wing of which two charioteers are placed, controlling the movement of the solar disk, placed on a pedestal in front of the naos. On the cylinders there are sometimes images of Shamash emerging from the horizon through the gates opened by two spirits.

Utu- Sun God. Son of Nanna and Ningal. Husband of the goddess Shanirda. The main places of worship are Sippar and Larsa. In both cities, his temples bore the name E-babar became especially widespread after the fall of Sumer, when he began to be revered mainly as a god who established laws and observed their implementation.

Shamash

Shamash:

• Shamash is the sun god in Babylonian and Assyrian mythology.
• Shamash is the Jewish person responsible for administrative and economic activities.
  • Shames is a synagogue servant among Ashkenazis, responsible for administrative and economic activities.
• Shamash is one of the lamps in the Hanukkiah.

Shamash (servant)

Shamash, or shammash(Sephardic and Karaite pronunciation), or Shames(Ashkenazi pronunciation), from the Jews, responsible for the administrative and economic activities of the synagogue/kenassa, religious court or community. One of the first mentions of shammash is contained in the Tosafot for Tractate Rosh Hashanah, which states that three positions - rabbi, cantor and shammash - are the core of the community. In Talmudic literature it was called hazzan.

Currently, in Israel, his functions are performed by the gabai, whose position, unlike the shammash, is not hired, but elective. Shamash, like Gabbay, is a common surname among both Sephardim and Karaites.

Examples of the use of the word shamash in literature.

And from them were born the gods - Enki, An, Nanna, Utu, Ningirsu, Damgalnuna, Nintu, Mami, Bau, Ishtar, Erre, Ereshkigal, Lahar, Ashnan, Namma, Uttu, Ninhursag, Dumuzi, Enmesharra, Shamash, Ishtar, Atad, Marduk, Abzu, Eya, Tiamat, Alsou, Mummu, Anshar, Kishar, Bela, Nabu, Lamashtu, Nergal, Amon, Mut, Khonsu, Ptah, Sekhmet, Nefertum, Isis, Nut, Geb, Aker, Hapi , Shan, Osiris, Maat, Apis, Mnevis, Buhis, Bata, Hathor, Khnum, Sebek, Bast, Tefnum, Anubis, Horus, Thoth, Ra, Apep, Meritseger, Nephthys, Uto, Shu, Tefnut, Set, Apedemak, Deduzh , Onuris, Tsagan, Heitsi Eibib, Legba, Aido, Hwedo, Mulungu, Heine, Ishoko, Izuwa, Kiumee, Wende, Lyona, Lyuba, Limi, Leza, Obasi, Osa, Faro, Nommo, Mitra, Apap Napat, Haoma, Soma , Arta, Friend, Ahuramazd, Asha Vahishta, Vohu Mana, Khshatra, Vairya, Spenta Armaiti, Haurvatat, Amrtat, Zervan, Mithra, Verethragna, Ashi, Tishtriya, Aka, Mana, Atar, Ahriman, Gayomart.

The grandson of the god of heaven, Nannar - the one whom people watch at night in the form of the moon, gave birth to two children - Shamasha- the sun and Ishtar - a young anemone, an eternal beauty, a goddess, without whom love and fertility are impossible in the world, we see her in the form of the morning star, Venus.

Jacob also gently pointed out that if Ashirta is both a man and a woman, that is, both Baal and Baalat, and the mother of the gods, and the king of heaven, she should be equated not only with Ishtar, revered in Sinear, and not only with Iset, revered in unclean land of Egypt, but also to Shamash, Shalim, Addu, Adon, Laham and Dam, in short, to the ruler of the world and the highest god, and it turns out that in general this is about El-elyon, the god of Abraham, creator and father, and he cannot be sent on any journey it is impossible, because he reigns over everyone, and they serve him not at all by eating fish, but only by living in purity and prostrating themselves before him.

Ea, Shamash, Ninurta, Enki, Ninmah, Marduk, Inanna, Utu, Dumuzi and many others are metaphors, like everyone who came after them, the embodiment of the best and worst human qualities, but we must admit that these are the most ancient and powerful metaphors.

The mountain is Humbaba himself, but we don’t have to be afraid of him if the light of the greatest is with us Shamasha and the wonderful water that your father, Lugalbanda, gives you from the divine spring.

The stele with the code of laws in its upper part is decorated with a relief depicting how Hammurabi is presented with this law by its original compiler - God Shamash.

Either Shamash, Judge Incorruptible, or a Horde man in his hat made of fox tails.

Ahead is An with guards, behind them Shamash with Thoth, followed by Mochegon with Red-Eye, in the rearguard the Anunnaki are simpler.

Shamash, activated the autopilot and looked at Parsukal with a Bendargian hygro.

Designated: “Lord of the Day.” As the god of the second part of the day (they began in the evening), he was inferior in importance to the god of the moon Sin and was even sometimes called his servant. However, this did not interfere with his high, widespread veneration. The main centers of his cult were Sippar And Elassar. In Elassar, his temple existed as early as the 5th millennium, but the first subsequently eclipsed it and was the subject of concern for both Babylonian and Kassite, and Assyrian and Chaldean kings, right up to Nabonidus, which, on the eve of the crash monarchy, restored it, seeking help from the ancient god. Both temples are called E-barra - "House of Radiance". In prayers and hymns, Shamash was called a king, a healer, a righteous judge. It was believed that he gives light, gives fertility to fields, prosperity to people, frees prisoners and even resurrects the dead. Shamash was depicted as an old man with a long beard and a tall turban on the head; he sits on the throne in naose, on the wing of which two are placed drivers, controlling the movement of the solar disk placed on a pedestal in front of the pump. On the cylinders there are sometimes images of Shamash emerging from the horizon through the gates opened by two spirits.

Utu(Akkadian Shamash) - Sun God. Son Nanna And Ningal. Consort of the Goddess Shanirdy. The main places of worship are Sippar and Larsa. In both cities, his temples were called E-babar (“White House”). In Sippar, Utu was identified with some kind of deity of the pre-Sumerian era, judging by the fact that there his wife was named Aya, and his son Bunene (pre-Sumerian names). The cult of Utu (Shamash) became especially widespread after the fall of Sumer, when he began to be revered mainly as a god who established laws and observed their implementation.

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Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

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Excerpt characterizing Shamash (mythology)

“I know this, and I will prove it,” said Rostov.
- I…
Telyanin's frightened, pale face began to tremble with all its muscles; the eyes were still running, but somewhere below, not rising to Rostov’s face, sobs were heard.
“Count!... don’t ruin the young man... this poor money, take it...” He threw it on the table. – My father is an old man, my mother!...
Rostov took the money, avoiding Telyanin’s gaze, and, without saying a word, left the room. But he stopped at the door and turned back. “My God,” he said with tears in his eyes, “how could you do this?”
“Count,” said Telyanin, approaching the cadet.
“Don’t touch me,” Rostov said, pulling away. - If you need it, take this money. “He threw his wallet at him and ran out of the tavern.

In the evening of the same day, there was a lively conversation between the squadron officers at Denisov’s apartment.
“And I’m telling you, Rostov, that you need to apologize to the regimental commander,” said a tall staff captain with graying hair, a huge mustache and large features of a wrinkled face, turning to the crimson, excited Rostov.
Staff captain Kirsten was demoted to soldier twice for matters of honor and served twice.
– I won’t allow anyone to tell me that I’m lying! - Rostov screamed. “He told me I was lying, and I told him he was lying.” It will remain so. He can assign me to duty every day and put me under arrest, but no one will force me to apologize, because if he, as a regimental commander, considers himself unworthy of giving me satisfaction, then...
- Just wait, father; “Listen to me,” the captain interrupted the headquarters in his bass voice, calmly smoothing his long mustache. - In front of other officers, you tell the regimental commander that the officer stole...
“It’s not my fault that the conversation started in front of other officers.” Maybe I shouldn’t have spoken in front of them, but I’m not a diplomat. Then I joined the hussars, I thought that there was no need for subtleties, but he told me that I was lying... so let him give me satisfaction...
- This is all good, no one thinks that you are a coward, but that’s not the point. Ask Denisov, does this look like something for a cadet to demand satisfaction from the regimental commander?