There are more and more thaws, but the nights are still frosty. Types of communication in sentences. Subordinating conjunctions and allied words
The thaw is becoming more frequent and the snow is getting oily. On the sunny side, icicles hang like glass fringes, melting and clanking on the ice. You jump on one skate, and you feel it cutting softly, as if on thick skin. Farewell winter! You can see this from the jackdaws, how they circle in a “wedding” manner, and the clicking hubbub of them beckons somewhere. You dangle your skate on the bench and watch their black mess in the sky for a long time. They disappeared somewhere. And then the stars appear. The breeze is damp, soft, and smells of baked bread, delicious birch smoke, and pancakes. It drips in the dark - Maslenitsa is coming. A long time ago, a huge box was placed on the window in the dining room: they planted an onion, “for pancakes”; His green feathers are large and pleasant to stroke. The boy brought flour to someone from the tormentor. They have already brought us: a bag of blue grit and four bags of “human”. They also brought dry birch firewood. “The spruce trees are chirping,” Mikhail’s rider told me, “the “tick” is not hot. So we’ll eat pancakes!”
I'm sitting on a leather sofa in my office. Father, under the green lamp, is tapping on an abacus. Vasil-Vasilich Oblique shoots from the door with his eye. They talk about terribly interesting things, as if barges with hay would be cut off by the ice near Simonov, and about wood rafts that will sail from Mozhaisk.
What do you want for some butter? Just now they brought the torment to the boys...
How much food do we have?
Yes... forty timid carpenters went home to the Maslenya... - Vasil-Vasilich leaves, - Volodymerians, fight with their fists, shake out pancakes, you yourself know our custom!.. - Squint sighs, chuckling.
Hold on people, it's spring... the cockroaches will run away. Are there about sixty people?
There are sixty-four robbers. Salted stellate sturgeon should be...
You'll take it. How is Zhirnov doing?..
Parquet floor workers, capricious people! The Beluzhins bought them a herring...
So do ours. Three pancakes, starting on Friday. Give us plenty of pancakes. Oils are fattier. For baking gray smelt, for cabbage soup you will give it.
How about some wine, as you wish? - Kosoy says affectionately, politely covering his mouth.
For pancakes according to the scale.
As if that weren’t enough, sir?.. For the forgiven... say goodbye, as they say.
I know your farewell!..
I’ll start a prayer, not a drop in my mouth until Easter.
Will there be two buckets?
And that's enough! - Having estimated, Kosoy says cheerfully. - They deserve it, sir, our business is in the water, chizholoe, sir.
The father gives orders. At Titov's, from Moskvoretsky, for the table - fresh, triple caviar, and ruff to the ear. Take the elms from Kolganov, and from him the pike perch with caviar, and Arkhangelsk navaga, seven-vershkova. In Zaryadye there is Belozersk smelt, washed. Vaska Egorov has sterlet fish from his cage...
The Reverend will be at my pancakes on Friday! You tell Vaska Egorov, give me a couple of burbots for the broth, and a splash of catfish. Halibut has caviar for kalia, with thinner, fatter, from the sediment...
P-may-ssss... - says Kosoy, and there is a squelch in his throat. I’m squelching too, from the party.
In Okhotny Trofimov has a couple of whitefish, pinker ones. I’ll choose Belorybitsa myself and come over. To botvin fresh cucumbers - Egorov’s in Okhotny. Understood?
P-may-ssssssssssssssLeshchika more?..His high priesthood, they said?..
Definitely, bream! Very Reverend respects. For rain and pie - Garanka from the Mitriev tavern. You will say - from me. Not a drop of wine for him until he gets it right!.. Like a master, so is a drunkard!..
Weakness... And he doesn’t drink wine, he’s spoiled himself with rowan wine. That's why they kicked him out of the palace... How can you not give it to him... he carries supplies with him!
There’s no way they’ll kick you out, you scoundrel!.. Take it away, that’s why you...
Last year I beat him up, and he came at me with a knife!.. And even if he’s unsteady, he can beat the cook... she’ll have to get out. And he gets naughty with the dishes, everything is not his way. King Solomon ordered the stove to be moved!..
I’m glad that Garanka will be there again and there will be smoke like a rocker. The carpenters will tie him up in the evening and take him on a log to the tavern with accordions.
Maslenitsa is in ruins. Such sun that warmed up the puddles. The barns glisten with icicles. Guys are walking with funny bundles of balloons, organs are buzzing. Factory workers, piling up, riding in cabs with accordions. The boys “play pancake”: hands back, pancake in the teeth, trying to tear each other out with their teeth - not to drop it, having fun fighting with their muzzles.
The spacious workshop, from which machines and buckets of paint have been brought out, glitters with tables: the tables have been planed, for pancakes. Carpenters, sawyers, watermen, roofers, painters, foremen, riders - in loose shirts, with oiled heads, eating pancakes. The wide furnace is blazing. Two cooks don't have time to bake. In frying pans, the size of a plate, “black” pancakes are baked and buckwheat, rosy, are placed in piles, and the clever foreman Proshin, with an earring in his ear, slaps them on the table, as if giving them a bald patch. It sounds juicy - blooper! Everyone takes turns: blunder... blunder... blunder!.. Steam comes from the pancakes with screws. I watch from the door as they stack them in fours, dip them in hot oil in bowls and slurp. Steam pours out of their mouths and heads. It smokes from red cups of cabbage soup with a head, from women cooks with tangled scarlet scarves, from their heated faces, from oily red hands along which yellow tongues from the stove run, shining. It's turning blue under the ceiling. There is a blessed hum: satisfied.
Butterflies, bake... with some baking - with a snowball!..
The tubs of dough breathe, pour and sizzle across the pans and swell with bubbles. It smells like sponge perfume, burnt oil, cotton shirts, living quarters. Increasingly, rest, respite, sighs. Some people have gone crazy and are eating the herring head. From the copper cube - steam, up to the ceiling.
Well, how are you, little kids? - looks into the kneading bowls. - Bake and bake, Matryosh... don’t skimp on the putty, we’ll give you some putty!..
They are buzzing and cheerful.
According to the scale, Vasil-Vasilich... - heard from the corners - fill the blinkers.
Let's go!.. - Kosoy shouts dashingly. - We meet the Bishop wherever we go...
They are buzzing. The green quarters clink on the dial. The pancakes that arrived in time blurt out.
The owner is coming!.. - they shout cheerfully from the window.
Father, as always, runs and looks around briskly.
How's Maslenitsa, guys? Is everyone happy?..
We thank you humbly... we are satisfied!..
Add according to the scale! Just watch, scoundrels... don't disgrace!..
They are not offended: they know that he is a weasel. The father takes the pancake blurted out in front of him, tears off a flap from it, and dips it in butter.
Tastier than ours, guys! For cooks - a ruble. Two kopecks to everyone, for Maslenitsa!
They hum so loudly that you can’t make out anything. There's a heaviness in my chest. The tall carpenter picks me up, throws me under the ceiling, into the smoke, and presses me against his wet, hot beard. They push me a pancake, sunflowers, a pink gingerbread in shag dust, give me a painted spoon, wipe it with a sharp finger - try ours! They are all familiar to me, they are all affectionate. I listen to their speeches and jokes. I run out into the yard. A large puddle is melting, the boys are fighting. They fall out to take a breath of air in the Maslenitsa spring. Steam swirls from the heads. They stretch sleepily and wander into the drying room to sleep on the shavings.
They are waiting for the carriage with the bishop. Vasil-Vasilich keeps running towards the gate. He is without a hat. From under the new jacket, the shirt under the vest is turning pink, and the copper chain is dangling. The hair is well combed and shiny. The face is purple, the eye shoots with a “double charge”, Kosoy has already managed to refuel, but he will “deserve it” until the evening. Gorkin is watching him, he wouldn’t have whipped him into his office. There is a lock on the desk. I see Vasil-Vasilich suddenly rushing towards the desk, but something is stopping him. Conscience? The bishop will come, and he gave his word that he would be “worthy.” Gorkin follows him like a nanny:Just hold on for a while, Vasilich... After that you’ll have some rest.
D-I’m holding on!.. - Kosoy dashingly shouts. - I... I can’t hold on?..
Sand was sprinkled up to the front door. The doors are wide open.
Maryushka went upstairs and was evicted from the kitchen. The cook reigned there, the red-haired, thin Garanka, in a huge cap like a fan, flashes into the couple like fear. Through the window from the yard I can see how he hits his assistants with a rolling pin. It's been noisy since the evening. He runs out into the snow, smears the dough on his palm, and looks into the light for some reason.
The wise man is wise! - Vasil-Vasilich says with respect. - He served in the royal palaces!..
Will your bishop arrive soon?.. I’m running out of time!.. - shouts Garanka, wiping his hands with snow.
They're shouting from the roof - it's coming!..
A carriage with an outboard boy. The cell attendant jumps off the trestle and opens the door. The archdeacon, who arrived earlier, meets with the priests and the clergy. They lead the bishop along the sand to the stairs. The archdeacon went forward, closed the window with himself and shook with horror:
Ispolla e-ti de-spo-ta-aaaaa...
His growl rolls out into the hallway, rattles on the windows, and onto the street. Garanka shouts from the kitchen:
Hey, I'm starting to make pies!..
Begin-ah!.. - Vasil-Vasilich shouts in a pleading voice and for some reason dances.
The table is huge. There's so much to see on it! Fish, fish... Caviar in crystal, in ice, whitefish in parsley, red salmon, salmon, white pearl fish, with green eyes of cucumber, lumps of pressed lumps, lumps of cheese, sturgeon cartilage in vinegar, porcelain vases with sour cream in which it sticks up spoons, pink oil dishes with golden boiling oil on the stoves, decanters, bottles... Black frock coats, white and fawn shawls, “heads”, lace caps...
They carry pancakes under cover.
Your Eminence!..
The bishop is lean, strict, - as they say, fasting. He eats little, modestly. The archdeacon is against him, huge, scary. I see from the corner how his mouth opens to the throat, and heaped pancakes, gray with flowing caviar, pour in feet at the archdeacon. A whitefish swims towards him and swims away with its side torn open. Oil pours into the caviar, into the sour cream. It flows over the protodeacon’s sparse beard, over his soft crimson lips.
Your Eminence... and the unbutton to your ears!..
Ah, we gluttons... Truly, an amazing pie!.. - is heard in the silence, like a rustle, from darkened lips.
The most famous Garankino pies, Your Eminence, throughout Moscow, sir!..
I heard, I heard... The Lord will reward us with talent for our temptation!.. An amazing pie...
Your Eminence...may I ask for more?..
Bless, Eminence Bishop... - the protodeacon growls, having chewed, and throws back his head of hair with his hands.
Well, well, open your mouth, protodeacon, give thanks... - the bishop says affectionately. - Breathe a little...
Vasil-Vasilich waves something, and suddenly squats down! There is a dam on the stairs, there is a crush in the hallway. The archdeacon in glory: with his voice he extinguishes the lamps and bulges out the windows. He starts from the depths where he now has pancakes, it seems to me from his grumbling voice. His hair is purring. The little lamps begin to tremble - with a small ringing sound. The crystals on the chandeliers tremble, the windows rattle. I watch how the vein on the archdeacon’s neck trembles and swells, how the spoon bends in the sour cream... I feel how it twists in my chest and cuts in my ear. Lord, the ceiling is about to fall!..
To the Most Reverend and to the entire consecrated cathedral... and to this honorable house... -
a lot-ga-i... le... t-taaaaaaaa!!!
There was a bang and a crack in the piano, the lamp in the corner in front of the icon went out!.. Knives and forks were falling. Lafitniks knock. Vasil-Vasilich squeals, sobbing:
God!..
There is heat and smoke from the protodeacon. Spread out on three chairs. Drinks kvass. Behind the fish soup and pies - again and again pancakes. Pancakes with spices. Followed by aspic, again pancakes, this time with double baking. Behind them are steamed sturgeon and pancakes with toppings. A bream of extraordinary size, with mushrooms, with porridge... seven-vershka navazhka, with Belozersk smelt in croutons, topped with mushroom sour cream... milk pancakes, light, pancakes with eggs... more boiled fish with pike perch caviar, with fried... orange jelly, almond ice cream - vanilla...
The bishop drove off, having had a cup of tea with an orange - “to settle down.” They took the protodeacon, who had filled his pockets with little pie crusts, and tied him into a bag of strange navaga - “a beast of navaga!” They are sitting in the living room wearing shawls and frock coats, sighing, sipping tea and orange. There's noise downstairs. Garanka demands another bottle of mountain ash and doesn’t want to leave, he broke the window. Vasil-Vasilich is required to take Garanka, but Vasil-Vasilich “got crazy, got it,” and now locked himself in the office. What can you do - Maslenitsa! Garanka is given a bottle and left in the kitchen: she will sleep it off in the morning. Maryushka sits in the hallway, without a berth, angry. It's a shame: it's everyone's holiday, but she... can't make pies! They dirty the whole kitchen. She is a respectable old woman. They serve her pancakes with caviar, the Madeira people bring her a lafitnik, and they bring her some more. She begins to cry and wrinkles her handkerchief:
I can make all sorts of pies, puff pastry, custard... and with panchette, and all sorts of kulebyaki, and any kind of pinch... But here, come on... you can’t make an unpinch pie! I'll rub his nose in the morning with unbuttons! The Rastorguevs lived... metropolitans visited, my kulebyaks praised...
They take her into the hall, persuade her to sing a song and bring her another little lamp. She is pleased that everyone respects her very much, and begins to sing about “the Count, the ruddy handsome man”:
He's wearing a hat with a feather,
Snuff box with tobacco!..
And also, how “well done, they lead the horse by the bridle... the horse hits the ground with its hoof, knocks out a white pebble...” - and also amazing songs that no one knows.
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Thaws are becoming more frequent (1) but (2) while the nights are frosty (3) the glass fringe of icicles does not melt (4) the snow does not melt.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Let's put punctuation marks.
(Thaws are becoming more frequent), (1) [BUT, (2) (WHILE the nights are frosty (3)), the glass fringe of icicles does not melt] (4) , [snow does not melt].
4 sentences, all separated by commas
In a dangerous place at the junction of alliances BUT WHILE a salary is needed, there is no second part of “TO”
Answer: 1234.
Answer: 1234
Source: Early exam of the Unified State Exam-2017.
Relevance: Current academic year
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection
Rule: Task 20. Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connections
TASK 20 Unified State Exam. PUNCTUATION MARKS IN SENTENCES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
In task 20, students must be able to place punctuation marks in a complex sentence consisting of 3-5 simple ones.
This challenging task tests the graduate’s ability to apply the following knowledge in practice:
1) at the level of a simple sentence:
Understanding that there is no sentence without a basis;
Knowledge of the features of the basis of one-part sentences (impersonal, etc.)
Understanding that in a simple sentence there can be homogeneous predicates and subjects, punctuation marks between which are placed according to the rules of homogeneous members.
2) at the level of a complex sentence:
The ability to determine the main and subordinate clauses in the composition of the IPP on the issue;
The ability to see conjunctions (conjunctive words) in subordinate clauses;
The ability to see index words in the main
The ability to see homogeneous subordinate clauses, in which punctuation marks are placed in the same way as homogeneous clauses.
3) at the level of a complex sentence:
The ability to see parts of the BSC and separate them with a comma. There is no common minor term in this task.
4) at the level of the entire proposal as a whole:
The ability to see those places in a sentence in which two conjunctions meet: there may be two subordinating conjunctions or a coordinating and subordinating conjunction.
Let's collect all the basic punctuation rules that are important when completing the task and number them for convenience.
| BP 6 If in a complex sentence there are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions nearby (And and ALTHOUGH, AND and HOW, AND and IF, BUT and WHEN, AND and THAT, etc.), then you need to find out if after the subordinate part there are correlative words THAT, SO or another coordinating conjunction (A, BUT, HOWEVER, etc.). A comma is placed only when these words are missing after the subordinate clause. For example: [Curtain rose], and, (as soon as the audience saw their favorite), [the theater shook with applause and enthusiastic screams] Compare: [Curtain rose], and (as soon as the public saw their favorite) So the theater trembled with applause and enthusiastic shouts]. and, (although her words were familiar to Saburov), [they suddenly made my heart ache]. [The woman talked and talked about her misfortunes], and (although her words were familiar to Saburov), But[they suddenly made my heart ache]. |
As you can see, rules 5 and 6 are very similar: we choose either to write TO (BUT...) or to put a comma.
Let's consider the proposals from the RESHUEGE database and the algorithm for working on the proposal.
[Claim](1) what? ( What Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate)(2) And(3) (When(4) when? That convinced yourself (5) of what? ( how much the eyewitnesses were right).
1. Let's highlight the basics.
1- Affirm (one-part, predicate)
2- carnivals delight and fascinate
3- we saw
4- convinced yourself
5- eyewitnesses are right
2. We highlight conjunctions and correlative words. Please note that there are AND and WHEN nearby and that there is THAT.
3. We mark subordinate clauses: we put all sentences in which there are subordinating conjunctions in parentheses.
(What Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate)
(When We saw its unique bright beauty for the first time)
(how much the eyewitnesses were right).
4. We establish which subordinate clauses belong to the main ones. To do this, we pose questions from the main ones to the supposed subordinate ones.
[They claim] what? ( What Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate). 1 component found. Comma 1 is placed according to rule 4 [ = ], (which is = and =).
There are two subordinate clauses left and one without a subordinating conjunction. We check whether it is possible to ask questions from him.
[That convinced yourself] when? ( When We saw its unique bright beauty for the first time)
[convinced yourself] of what? ( how much the eyewitnesses were right). The second component has been found. Commas 4 and 5 are placed according to rule 4.
(when - =), [then- = ], (how much - =) Two different subordinate clauses to one main clause, a clause of time very often stands BEFORE the main clause.
Components 1 and 2 are connected by the coordinating conjunction AND into one complex sentence. This is comma 2.
Scheme: |[ = ], (what- = and =)|, and |(when - =), [then- = ], (as far as - =)|
It remains to find out whether a comma is needed 3. Between AND and WHEN, according to rule 6, a comma is not needed, since TO is located after the subordinate clause.
Task 19
Option 1
Place punctuation marks:
1.I was finally convinced that (1) I was completely lost (2)
and went at random to (3) where the fields stretched endlessly.
2. Caught starlings quickly get used to people (1) and (2) if they live in a house (3) they fly around the rooms (4) they rejoice at their owner and trustingly sit on his shoulder.
3. At home, my guest immediately began to complain to me (1) that (2) while he was driving to me (3) he got lost in the forest (4) and was forced to spend the night in the forester’s lodge.
4.But I want to warn you (1) that (2) if you deceive me (3) you will be ashamed (4) because it will be a rather low act.
5. Hadji Murat was sitting next to him in the room (1) and (2) although he did not understand the conversation (3) he felt (4) that they were arguing about him.
Task 19
Option2
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
.
1. Cold rain poured for several days (1) and (2) while the bad weather continued (3) it seemed to us (4) that summer was over forever.
2.Summer is in full swing (1) and (2) if you stay longer in the forest (3) you will see a warbler (4) flashing among the branches.
3.Maria did not answer anything (1) and (2) in order to distract herself from the unpleasant conversation (3) began to stroke the dog (4) although it was sleeping peacefully.
4. The moose became so attached to the boy (1) that (2) when he went somewhere (3) the animal sniffed the air anxiously (4) and refused to eat
. 5. And the old woman kept talking and talking about her happiness (1) and (2) although her words were familiar (3) their grandson’s heart suddenly ached sweetly (4) as if everything he heard was happening to him.
Task 19
Option 3
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
1. Pyotr Ivanovich always tried to avoid conversations at the table (1) and (2) when he was invited to have a meal (3) he simply sat down (4) and ate in silence.
2. The snow covered the tracks of the travelers (1) and it became clear (2) that (3) if the snowfall did not stop by night (4) then it would be difficult to find the way back.
3. Elena was so daydreaming (1) that (2) when she heard the doorbell (3) she did not immediately understand (4) what was happening.
4. At night, timber was brought to the river (1) and (2) when a white fog shrouded the banks (3) all eight companies laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges.
5. I thought about the people (1) whose lives (2) were connected with this story (3) and I wanted to know (4) what happened to them.
Task 19
Option 4.
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
1. They say (1) that kindness cures loneliness (2) and (3) when I settled in the village (4) I had the opportunity to verify this.
2. A few hours later (1) Ivan became exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) he cried quietly and bitterly.
3. The birds could not be heard (1) because they do not sing during the hot hours (2) and there was silence in the frozen forest (3).
4. The smell of fog is stronger (1) and (2) when we step into the meadow (3) the smell of mown, still damp grass is overwhelming (4) although signs of its first withering are already visible.
5. I don’t remember (1) how I got to the place (2) but (3) when I woke up (4) my friends were already standing next to me.
Task 19
Option 5.
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
1. Cucumbers are so tender (1) that (2) if you look at the light through their skin (3) you can see large grains (4) that are white.
2.N.V. Gogol believed (1) that his fiery words would set human hearts on fire (2) and (3) when his poem fell into the hands of
readers (4) he tensely waited for the moment of miraculous transformation.
3. We were picking mushrooms, talking (1) and (2) when Masha asked
about something (3) then she came forward (4) to see my face.
4. It was difficult to stay at home on the first winter day (1) and (2) so that we wouldn’t get lost (3) grandfather took us to the edge of the forest (4) which we noticed a long time ago.
Task 19
Option 6
Place punctuation marks:
1. Foggy masses rose across the night sky (1) and (2) when the last starlight was absorbed (3) the blind wind, covering its face with its sleeves, swept low along the empty street (4) and then flew up to the roofs of houses.
2. The father promised (1) that (2) if the sky clears by noon (3) then he will certainly take his son with him to the match (4) and Alyosha looked with longing and hope at the rain drizzling outside the window all morning.
3. The tourists walked along the same road (1) and (2) if the rocky ledges seemed steeper to them (3) it was only because (4) they were very tired during this trek.
4. The princess was a woman of extraordinary intelligence (1) and (2) although she was very poor (3) and could not give dinners and balls (4) she managed to gain universal respect.
5. The young people soon came to the point of thinking (1) that they definitely needed to get married (2) but (3) since Marya Gavrilovna’s parents forbade their daughter to think about getting married to Vladimir (4) they would have to do this without parental blessing.
Task 19
Option 7
Place punctuation marks:
indicate the number(s) in whose place(s)
there must be a comma(s) in the sentence.
1. I was sure (1) that (2) if necessary (3) my brother would come immediately (4) because he is a very kind and sympathetic person.
2. There are more and more thaws (1) but (2) while the nights are frosty (3) the glass fringe of icicles does not melt (4) the snow does not melt.
3. It seemed to me (1) no one could disturb (2) the peace that surrounded me (3) and the more unexpected was the sudden appearance of Alexei and his friends.
4. There is an opinion (1) that the weather affects a person’s well-being (2) and (3) I have been convinced of this more than once
5. Snow covered the tanks (1) and (2) when the tankers climbed out of the tower to breathe (3) it instantly covered their hot faces (4) as if trying to cool them down.
Task 19
Option8
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
1. A belated lightning flashed directly overhead (1) and (2) while it was shining (3) I saw (4) some white dot flickering on the shore.
2. The bison interested me very much (1) and (2) when we were not allowed into the nursery (3) I was annoyed (4) that I was not able to see them closer.
3. Everyone loved me (1) and (2) although I was incredibly naughty (3) I was forgiven for everything (4) no matter what I did.
4. The hostess realized (1) that (2) if now the guests find themselves in the hall again (3) they will no longer see the distant alley in the rays of the setting sun (4) and she suggested taking a walk in the garden.
5
Task 19 Option 9
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
1. Polina came out to the guests on the open veranda (1) and (2) while the ladies enthusiastically expressed admiration for her elegant outfit (3) she thought about (4) how nice it would be to be away from this boring empty bustle.
2. According to the calendar, we arrived in Boldino at the same time as the poet (1) and (2) if we take into account the difference between the new and old style (3) then ten days earlier (4) when the color green still reigned everywhere in nature.
3. In any role, a talented actor feels free and natural (1) and (2) when he expresses the character of his hero on stage (3) he usually reaches the full feeling (4) that he is that same hero.
4.
Such fatigue set in (1) that (2) even if
there was no order (3) to settle down for rest (4) people would not be able to take a single step further.
5. Lisa walked into the deserted square (1) and (2) when her legs began to fall heavily from the cobblestones (3) she remembered (4) how she returned to this square on a sunny day after her first meeting with Tsvetukhin.
Task 19 Option10
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
1. When it was necessary to rush to the gymnasium (1) Nikolenka tried his best to keep up with his older brother (2) and (3) since he always moved quickly (4) the first grader often had to catch up with him by skipping.
2. When the artist lived in Crimea (1) he devoted all his time to contemplating pictures of nature (2) and (3) if the weather was favorable for walks (4) he spent hours studying on the seashore the pattern of waves endlessly running one after another.
3. The summer night was already blue over the Volga (1) and (2) when we found ourselves on the shore (3) we saw (4) the lights on the masts of passing ships flickering in the distance.
4. In his parents’ house, everything was as before (1) and (2) if Volodya seemed to have the home space as if it had narrowed (3), it was only because (4) that during the years of absence he had matured and grown a lot.
5. Ganin went ashore (1) and (2) when he saw the blue Turk on a huge pile of oranges at the pier (3) he felt piercingly and clearly (4) how far away the warm bulk of his homeland was from him.
Task 19 Option 11
Place punctuation marks:
indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. The prince was not expected at the estate (1) since no one knew (2) whether he would come (3) and (4) so his appearance came as a surprise to everyone.
2. Having walked dozens of miles (1) and (2) feeling very tired (3), I lay down in the shade of a thick willow tree (4) standing lonely on the shore of a steppe pond.
3. Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old woman told (4) how it was.
4. His hand trembled (1) and (2) when Nikolai handed the horse to the horse breeder (3) he felt (4) the blood rushing to his heart.
5. After the instructor’s comments (1) the guys walked faster (2) and (3) when it began to get dark (4) there were only three kilometers left to the place where they would spend the night.
Task 19 Option 12
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. It is always difficult to start doing work that we don’t like (1) and (2) in order to delay the unpleasant moment at least a little (3) we often look for any excuses (4) that can somehow justify our lack of will.
2. On the stone terrace of one of the most beautiful buildings in the city (1) there were two (2) and (3) while the shadows steadily lengthened (4) they watched (5) as the dazzling sun lit up in the windows of the upper floors.
3. The entrance door suddenly swung open (1) and an unkempt-looking, strong young man jumped out into the street (2) who (3) if Alexey had not managed to step aside at the last moment (4) would probably have run straight into him.
4. At sunset it began to rain (1) which immediately dispelled the stuffiness that had accumulated in the air (2) and (3) while it made a full and monotonous noise in the garden around the house (4) the sweet freshness of wet greenery came through the open windows in the hall.
5. He continued his journey (1) but (2) when only twelve miles remained (3) suddenly the tire whistled and sank (4) because a sharp pebble again fell under the wheel.
Task 19 Variat13
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. Katya listened to the story about the latest achievements in the field of nuclear physics very carefully (1) and (2) if Konstantinov had not realized (3) that the scope of his scientific interests could not truly excite such a young person (4) he would have continued his reasoning.
2. When Ivan Aristarkhovich appeared at the door of the dressing room (1) he habitually leaned over (2) and (3) so all the actors got the impression (4) that their artistic director was very tall (5) although in fact the doorway was quite large short.
3. The sister tried to tell Kitty (1) what the doctor was talking about (2) but (3) although he spoke for a very long time and very smoothly (4) she was unable to convey the meaning of what he said.
4. After all the guests had left (1) the hostess wanted to be alone (2) and (3) when Anton asked permission to spend the evening with the neighbors (4) she did not stop her son.
5. Alexey was alone in the trench (1) and (2) when the carts disappeared (3) and (4) the field was cleared of dust (5) he decided to look around.Task 19 Option 14
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. Katya was preparing very seriously for the first exam in her life (1) and (2) when she found herself in the classroom in front of the sitting teachers (3) she felt joyful (4) because there was an opportunity to show off her accumulated knowledge.
2. After the third bell sounded (1) the curtain trembled and slowly crawled up (2) and (3) as soon as the audience saw their favorite (4) the walls of the theater literally trembled with applause and enthusiastic screams.
3.Startsev avoided conversations (1) and (2) when he was invited to eat (3) he sat down (4) and ate in silence.
4. The mosquitoes (1) and (2) sang an endless song as dusk deepened (3) and all other sounds fell silent (4) the noise of a distant waterfall began to reach me.
5. It is well known (1) that (2) if an athlete does not train regularly (3) then (4) no matter how hard he tries (5) he will not achieve good results.
Task 19 Option 15
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. Elena did not have time to leave the stage with the other actors (1) and (2) when the curtain opened (3) the noisy wave of the hall (4) covered her.
2. The rest of the day dragged on unbearably long for Zakhar (1) and (2) when the sun set (3) and the gray shadows began to cover the ground more thickly (4) he felt relief.
3. All the guests left (1) the hostess wanted to be alone (2) and (3) when Anton asked permission to spend the evening with the neighbors (4) she did not stop her son.
4. Now I will have to leave for a while (1) but (2) when I return to Moscow again (3) I will be sincerely glad to see you (4) if you deign to agree to a meeting.
5. This long row seemed especially difficult to Levin (1) but then (2) when the row was reached to the end (3) and Titus began to follow the tracks with slow steps (4) Levin followed his swath in the same way.
Task 19 Option 16
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
the sentence must contain commas
1. Tatyana Afanasyevna gave her brother a sign (1) that the patient wanted to sleep (2) and (3) when everyone slowly left the room (4) she sat down at the spinning wheel again.
2. Pyotr Ivanovich always tried to avoid conversations at the table (1) and (2) when he was invited to have a meal (3) he simply sat down (4) and ate in silence.
3. When it was necessary to rush to the gymnasium (1) Nikolenka tried his best to keep up with his older brother (2) and (3) since he always moved quickly (4) the first grader often had to catch up with him by skipping.
4. When Ivan returned home in the evening (1) all the impressions of the day washed over him (2) and (3) since he was overcome by the most contradictory feelings (4) he began to look for the reasons for his emotional excitement.
5. The tame crane kept looking at the sky (1) and (2) if a bird of prey appeared (3) it uttered an alarming cry (4) which the hens and chicks understood well.
TASK 20: Sentences with different types of connections.
Task 20 from the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is devoted to sentences with different types of connection. To avoid mistakes in it, you should follow the algorithm.
ALGORITHM.
1. Find all the grammatical basics.
2. Find ALL allied words/conjunctions.).
3. Ask all the questions between sentences to understand how the parts of the sentence are interrelated (which subordinate clause depends on which main clause, etc.).
4. Be careful: You do not need to find clarifying secondary members of the sentence. You must separate parts of a complex sentence and sometimes (very rarely) homogeneous ones with signs.
PROBLEMS.
There are 3 main problems that we face in task 20.
1. The junction of unions.
2. The role of the coordinating conjunction.
3. Homogeneous subordination.
Let's look at a CLASSIC example from task 20.
I want to warn you (1) that (2) if you betray me (3) you will be ashamed (4) because it will be a rather low act.
1. Finding the basics. There are 4 of them: I want to warn you; you will betray; will be ashamed; this is a low act.
2. Find alliances. There are 3 of them: what if, after all.
3. We know how many bases we have and what conjunctions we have, and therefore we can understand in what numbers it is necessary to put signs that separate one sentence from another. These are numbers 1,3,4.
4. Now let's think about whether the JOINT OF UNIONS should be separated (WHAT IF). Obviously, the conjunctions IF and WHERE refer to those sentences in which they stand (“if you betray me” and “after all, this will be a rather low act”). Which sentence does the conjunction WHAT refer to? We see that there is a sentence without a conjunction (“you will be ashamed”). If there is such a sentence, then the first conjunction from the junction of conjunctions refers to it. This means that we must separate it from the neighboring conjunction (in this case, IF).
5. Ask a question. “I want to warn you” - ABOUT WHAT? - “that you will be ashamed.”
6. So, we need commas in the numbers 1,2,3,4.
I want to warn you that if you betray me, you will be ashamed, because it will be a rather low act.
Now let's look at specific examples of how to act to cope with each of the problems listed above.
JUNCTION OF UNIONS.
If you have two conjunctions in a row, then you separate them with a comma in the case where later in the sentence there is a part in which there is no conjunction at all. Simply put: if the first conjunction from a junction “has somewhere to go,” then you should separate it from the neighboring conjunction.
If this union is not needed anywhere else, then we leave it together with the “neighbor”, without separating them by a sign.
Most often this happens when the following sentence contains the words SO, BUT, SO.
At home, my guest immediately began to complain to me (1) that (2) while he was getting to me (3) he got lost in the forest (4) and was forced to spend the night in the forester’s lodge.
1. Three basics: the guest began to complain; he got there; got lost and had to spend the night.
2. Three conjunctions: that, while, then (TO is not a conjunction and has a different function in the sentence, but for simplicity, we will classify it as a conjunction, since it does not affect anything).
3. We put commas in numbers 1 and 3, because this is necessary to separate the different bases.
4. We do not put a sign in the number 4, because the conjunction And connects two homogeneous, and not two different sentences (I got lost and had to spend the night).
5. Before us is a junction of unions: WHAT BYE. We do not separate them by signs, because... the conjunction THAT “has nowhere to go”: it cannot relate to a sentence with the word THAT. Simply put: we see THAT in the next sentence (and, in addition, there are no more “free” sentences here, without conjunctions), and therefore we do not separate the conjunctions at the junction with signs. There is no comma in number 2.
At home, my guest immediately began to complain to me that while he was getting to me, he got lost in the forest and was forced to spend the night in the forester’s lodge.
ROLE OF THE COORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
We know that a coordinating conjunction can connect both homogeneous and complex sentences (CCS).
In cases where it stands between sentences, a sign is needed.
In cases where it stands between homogeneous ones, the sign is not needed.
This means that every time you see a coordinating conjunction, you should wonder: what does it connect? Does the sentence end, or does it continue after the subordinate clause?
By midnight (1) Sergei was exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) he cried quietly and bitterly.
1. Find alliances. There are three of them: and, when, what.
2. Obviously, we have two subordinate clauses (this is indicated by the subordinating conjunctions WHEN and WHAT). WE MUST SEPARATE THEM WITH COMAS FROM THE MAIN THING.
3. Let’s think about what exactly connects the union AND (near the number 1). “By midnight, Sergei became exhausted and cried quietly and bitterly.” It is obvious that a union connects two homogeneous ones, because EMPOWERED and CRIED are in the same form and can refer to the word SERGEY. In the part “he cried quietly and bitterly” there is no separate subject, and therefore it is logical that this is a continuation of the main sentence, and not a new part.
BY MIDNIGHT SERGEY WAS EXHAUSTED AND, when he realized that he couldn’t cope with the papers, he CRIED QUIETLY AND BITTERLY.
HOMOGENEOUS SUBMISSION.
What does homogeneous subordination mean?
If two subordinate clauses depend on one word in the main clause and at the same time answer the same question, then they are homogeneous.
WHAT DOES THIS GIVE US? Like any other homogeneous, homogeneous clauses can be joined by a conjunction. And in this case they should not be separated by commas.
Alexey was alone in the trench (1) and (2) when the carts disappeared (3) and (4) the field was cleared of dust (5) he decided to look around.
1. Finding the basics. There are 4 of them: Alexey was alone; the carts disappeared; the field was cleared; he decided to look around.
2. Find alliances. There are 3 of them: and, when, and.
3. Since each of the parts separated by numbers has its own basis, we understand that the first sentence ends in the number 1, which means a sign is needed there.
4. The sign in the number 5 is also obvious: it separates different sentences, each of which has its own basis.
5. In the number 2, at the junction of the conjunctions, there is also a sign, because we see further (after number 5) a “free” sentence without a conjunction (“he decided to look around.”). The conjunction I connects two sentences: “Alexey was alone in the trench, and he decided to look around.”
6. Now let’s think about what connects the union AND (the one that stands between the numbers 3 and 4)? It is obvious to us that after the conjunctive word WHEN there is a subordinate clause. Then the coordinating conjunction I. Then another sentence. Every time you see a picture like this, think: is this not homogeneous submission?
7. And since we “suspect” homogeneous subordination, we should ask a question. “he decided to look around” - WHEN? - “when the carts disappeared” and WHEN? “The field has been cleared of dust.” In numbers 3 and 4, signs are not needed. We have before us homogeneous subordinate clauses, depending on one main clause. Note that with homogeneous subordination, one subordinating conjunction is quite sufficient: it may not be repeated before the second part (here we have one word WHEN).
Alexei was alone in the trench, and WHEN the carts disappeared and the field was cleared of dust, he decided to look around.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS AND CONJUNCTING WORDS.
To make it easier for you to work with task 20, we offer a brief classification of subordinating conjunctions and allied words. Learn them and recognize them in sentences. After all, the presence of such a union means that you have a new offer in front of you. And if you see them, then completing the task is much easier.
In subordinate reasons: since, because, since, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, for, then that, etc.
In subordinate clauses: so etc.
In subordinate clauses: so that, so that, in order to, then that, in order to, etc.
In subordinate conditions: if, if, as soon as, whenever, etc.
In subordinate concessions: although, for nothing; if only; despite the fact that, despite the fact that; let, meanwhile, truth, etc.
In subordinate tenses: barely, as soon as, when, just, only, as, after, since, until, as long as, before, just, barely, barely, while, etc. .
In subordinate clauses: where, to where, from, etc.
In subordinate clauses of comparison: how, what, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if (as), likewise, exactly, exactly (as), than, rather than), etc.
In subordinate clauses: what, supposedly, how, whether, etc. + all questions of indirect cases.
In subordinate clauses: which, which, whose, where, etc.
In subordinate clauses of the manner of action: as, as if, exactly, as if, etc.
Task 1 #5695
The battle was lost (1) and (2) while the last soldiers fled from the battlefield (3) the commander-in-chief was frantically looking for his revolver (4) because he did not even think of surrendering.
Four basics: the battle was lost, the soldiers fled, the commander-in-chief was looking, he did not even think of surrendering.
Three conjunctions: and, while, because.
In place of the number 4, the comma is obvious.
Before BYE (in place of the number 2), a comma is needed, because further there are no conjunctions TO or BUT. Thus, the conjunction WHILE refers to the third sentence.
Answer: 1234
Task 2 #5696
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
He knew (1) that this machine had some consciousness (2) and (3) that it was now surveying its surroundings (4) because it needed parts to repair itself.
It is necessary to find all the bases, all the alliances. Establish connections between parts of the sentence.
Four basics: he knew, the machine had, it examined, it needed.
Four conjunctions: what, and, which, because.
If you see a subordinating conjunction, it means you have a subordinate clause. And, of course, this is why identifying the main sentence is not difficult. Let's label it: “He knew.”
Before us are 2 more subordinate clauses: “that this machine had a certain consciousness,” “and that now it examined the surrounding space.” We separate them with a comma from the main clause in number 1. But in numbers 2 and 3 we do not put commas, because these subordinate clauses are homogeneous. They depend on one word (KNEW what?) and are connected by the conjunction I.
Before SINCE, the comma is obvious, because This is a subordinating conjunction, and therefore we have a subordinate clause.
Answer: 14
Task 3 #5697
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
The pilot took the ship to a small cherry-red sun (1) and (2) when all the maneuvers were completed (3) he saw (4) that one of the planets of this system was of the terrestrial type.
It is necessary to find all the bases, all the alliances. Establish connections between parts of the sentence.
Three basics: the pilot brought it out and saw it, the maneuvers were completed, one of the planets belongs.
Three conjunctions: and, when, what.
The subordinating conjunctions WHEN and WHAT indicate that there are two clauses in the sentence. We separate them with commas in the numbers 2, 3, 4.
There is no comma before number 1, because the word SAW also refers to the first sentence, i.e. the first sentence does not end before the number 1. The conjunction AND connects not two different sentences, but homogeneous predicates BROUGHT AND SAW. No comma needed.
Answer: 234
Task 4 #5698
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Howard considered cooking an art (1) and (2) if he were not a businessman (3) he would become a cook (4) as his father once advised.
It is necessary to find all the bases, all the alliances. Establish connections between parts of the sentence.
Four basics: Howard believed, he was not a businessman, he would become a chef, his father advised.
Four conjunctions: and, if, then how.
Before AND (in place of the number 1), a comma is needed, because The first sentence has ended and will not continue anywhere else.
In place of numbers 3 and 4, commas are obvious (before TO and the subordinating conjunction HOW).
There is no need for a comma before IF (in place of the number 2), because after the second sentence there is a conjunction TO. We do not separate the junction of conjunctions (AND IF), when followed by THAT, BUT, SO.
Answer: 134
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