Multiple translations from one language to another. Earning money by translating texts from one language to another. Translation from a foreign language into English, from English into a foreign language

Is it possible to translate from one language to another? How does translation differ from interpreting meaning in another language? How do different theories interpret translation? Is it only the content that interests us in translation, or who are Jabberwocky and Bandersnatch? Is the English "gad" different from the Russian one?
Let's start with examples.
The first example is a translation of the English text performed by a machine translation system: Group I surfactants were identified as being the most promising for tertiary oil recovery since their tension ranges coincide most closely with the measured equivalent alkane carbon numbers of crude oils.
Group 1 surfactants were identified as the most promising for tertiary oil (petroleum) recovery because their tension series (ranges) matched most closely to the carbon alan numbers of the measured equivalent crude oils (petroles).
The second example is taken from the book of the brilliant satirist Yu. Polyakov:
"...by interlinear translation you can even translate from the ancient Azotian language, which, as you know, is completely lost. This is done in an elementary way. The interlinear translation reads: My beloved has a cheek like a pomegranate, A face like the full moon, A body like scrolls of silk , Words are like scattered pearls
"The translation was carried out by the SIMPAR machine translation system (see Artificial Intelligence: Directory. - Book 1 - M., 1990).
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The task of the poet-translator is to follow, of course, not the letter, but the spirit of the original:
Moon-faced Zukhra and me
The night will cover you with dodder..."1
This is how we translate, maneuvering between the Scylla of clumsy literalness and the Charybdis of free interpretation. How should it be translated?
It is believed that translation should be done in such a way as to convey in the translation the entire content of the original, including its subtlest shades. This requirement reminds me of N. Ostrovsky’s well-known call “...to live... must be lived in such a way that it is not excruciatingly painful, etc.” The requirement to convey the entire content in translation is as categorical as this call, and just as rarely fulfilled.
In this chapter we will return to the question of how possible a complete translation is, and now we will try to figure out how the process of translation from one language to another generally proceeds.
In principle, for the practical purposes that we pursue in this book, the entire variety of translation theories2 can be reduced to two main approaches, transformational and denotative. This will at least make our task easier.
The transformational approach considers translation as the transformation of objects and structures of one language into objects and structures of another according to certain rules.
During the transformation, objects and structures of different language levels are transformed - morphological, lexical, syntactic.
Thus, at the lexical level, we transform words and phrases of the source language into words and phrases of the target language. That is, simply put, we replace one with another according to certain rules or, more precisely, lists
1 Polyakov Yu.M. Baby goat in milk. - M., 1997.
See, for example, Komissarov V.N. Linguistics of translation. - M., 1981; Retsker Ya.I. Translation theory and translation practice. - M., 1974; Questions of the theory of translation in foreign linguistics. - M., 1978.
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Correspondences, a smaller part of which is stored in our memory, and a large part of which is contained in bilingual dictionaries and grammars.
However, we must not forget that words in phrases can be transformed differently than individual words. A phrase is already a small context, and the context, as you remember, changes the meaning of words and influences the choice of equivalent in another language.
Thus, we carry out transformations (and not only at the lexical level), as they say, under the control of the context.
For example, if you transform a single English word “book”, then you can justifiably replace it with the main dictionary equivalents - the noun “book” and a number of verbs “order”, “book”, “reserve”. The same equivalents of the word “book” will remain during translation transformations of most phrases with this word: “interesting book” - “interesting book”, “book tickets” - “to order tickets”, etc.
However, if we transform, say, the phrase “book value”, we will get a completely different Russian equivalent “book value”, in which there are no Russian equivalents of the individual word “book”.
One of the problems of the transformation method, as you can see, is to separate related phrases from individual words that are only grammatically united when translating using transformations, and to carry out a transformation in accordance with the results of such separation.
There is no reliable formal method for identifying related phrases, i.e., for, say, machine translation systems, which are mostly based on a transformational approach, a closer connection between the words “book” and “value” in the phrase “book value” is not noticeable - for them such a phrase is no different, for example, from the combination of the words “book store”
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(book Shop). A person identifies phrases of this kind on the basis of a complex analysis of meaning, and stores the corresponding equivalent in memory or finds it in a dictionary.
At the syntactic level, during the translation process, transformations of syntactic constructions of the source language into corresponding constructions of the target language are carried out.
An example is the correspondence of future tense constructions in Russian and English: the personal forms of the service verb “to be” + the indefinite form of the main verb are transformed into the personal forms of the service verb “to be” + the indefinite form of the main verb. Many other examples of syntactic transformations during translation can be found in any grammar textbook of a foreign language, for example English.
Transformations are also carried out at the morphological level. The most obvious example is the transformation of word-formation models. Let's say, the English model of the formation of verbal nouns “verb stem + suffix -tion (-sion)” is transformed into the Russian model “verb stem + suffix -ation (-ion)” (for example, rota-tion - rotation).
Transformations during translation are not necessarily carried out within the same language level. So, for example, the English syntactic structure have (has)+ Participle II can be transformed into a Russian structure of the morphological level with verbal prefixes s-, na-, pro- (for example, has done - done, have drawn - drawn, has read - read)
The transformational method of translation can be compared to deciphering encrypted text using a “book of codes”, the role of which is played by a bilingual dictionary, and a “set of deciphering rules” set out in a grammar reference book.
Let's do an experiment - translate an excerpt from
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Graham Greene's novel "Brighton Lollipop", using a transformational approach, i.e. using only dictionaries and your knowledge of the rules of lexico-grammatical compatibility of English and Russian languages.
We will proceed as when decrypting, i.e. Let's start with the first word, then move on to the second, etc.:
"The Boy stood with his back to Spicer staring out across the dark wash of sea. They had the end of the pier to themselves; everyone else at that hour and in that weather was in the concert hall1."
Let us carry out sequential lexical and syntactic transformations, using the rules of Russian lexico-grammatical compatibility to select equivalents and agreement:

Boy - boy, guy, schoolboy, young man (in the text this word is written with a capital letter, i.e. it is a proper name, maybe a nickname or nickname); stood - stood (syntactic transformation of the English form of the simple past tense into its Russian analogue);
with - with, from, y, at, instrumental case of the controlled word (we choose the instrumental case, taking into account the meaning of the controlled noun);
his - his, his own, is not translated (according to the rules of Russian stylistics, the possessive pronoun is not used in such a combination, we do not translate); back - back, back, support (choose the equivalent
"back" due to the possessive pronoun); to - to, before (choose “to” according to the compatibility rule); Spicer - Spicer (proper name);
staring out - looking intently (related phrase); across - through, through (taking into account the compatibility with the words “sea surf”, we will choose the equivalent “on”);
" Greene G. Brighton Rock. - Penguin Books.
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The - definite article, not translated or translated as “this”;
dark - dark;
wash - washing, washing, surf (for obvious reasons, we choose surf);

sea ​​- sea (here "seas");
wash of sea - translated as a stable Russian phrase “sea surf”;
they had... to themselves - was at their complete disposal (related phrase);

end - end (edge);
of - genitive case of the controlled word, not translated;
the - definitions article, not translated or translated as “this”;
pier - pier, pier (here "pier", "pier");
everyone - everything;
else - except;
at - at, at (select “at”);
that - that;
hour - hour;
and - and;
in - in;
that - that;
weather - weather (here "weather");
was - was (here “were” in agreement with the Russian subject “all”);
in - in;
the - definitions article, not translated or translated as “this”;
concert hall - concert hall (attributive phrase). As a result, having agreed on the words and made some stops,
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Nowadays, according to the rules of coordination and management of the Russian language, we get the following translation:
"(This) Boy (boy, schoolboy, young man) stood with his back to Spicer, looking intently at the dark sea surf. (This) edge of the pier (pier) was at their complete disposal; everyone except (them) at that hour and at that the weather was in the concert hall."
Well, as you can see, using the transformation method, you can make a pretty decent translation. However, several unresolved questions remain:
-Who was standing, a boy, a schoolboy or a young man?
- This boy, a schoolboy, etc. or just a boy, schoolboy, etc.?
- Is this the edge of the pier or just the edge of the pier?
- Pier or pier?
- Why is the surf dark if it is known that at night the surf is lighter than the sea?
Does this mean that the transformation method does not allow for a complete translation? What is missing in it that does not allow us to clarify these unclear places?
Before we try to answer these questions, let's look at how other translators have translated this text. Here is the translation of this excerpt from the collection: Graham Greene “England Made Me” and “Brighton Lollipop” (translated “Brighton Lollipop” by E. Petrov and A. Teterevnikov):
“The kid stood with his back to Spicer, looking into the distance at the dark strip of surf. At the end of the pier there was no one but them; at this hour and in this weather everyone was in the concert hall.”
Let’s leave the “dark surf” on the author’s conscience and look at the differences noted in italics.
As you can see, these translators brought complete clarity to our translation and solved almost all the problems. But they succeeded not because they took some other approach, but because they knew the broader context (they knew that the nickname of one of the heroes of this novel, Greene, had previously been translated as Baby and that the action takes place on the pier , not on the pier).
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However, a comparison of translations based on other characteristics shows that the translators did indeed use more than just a transformational approach. This is evidenced by the words “far” and “strip” that appeared “out of thin air”, which cannot be obtained by transforming words and phrases of the source text.
The approach that the translators of this passage used in conjunction with the transformational one is called denotative. This is the second most common approach to the theoretical interpretation of the translation process.
According to this approach, translation is carried out as a three-stage process consisting of the following stages:
o The stage of perceiving a message in the source language.
o The stage of forming a mental image (concept) of this message.
o The stage of interpretation of this image by means of the target language.
Unlike the transformational approach, the denotative approach does not establish a direct connection between words and phrases of two languages ​​- translation using the denotative mechanism presupposes a free choice of means of the target language to convey the meaning of the message in the source language.
Schemes of the translation process along the transformational and denotative paths are shown in Fig. 3.
The name of this method comes from the word denotation, i.e. a fragment of objective reality with which both the original message and its translation are correlated.
This approach is most clearly illustrated by the translation of idioms. In the examples below, the lack of a direct connection between the source text and its translation is obvious; they are connected only by a general meaning:
"A stitch in time saves nine" - "A good spoon for dinner."
"There is many a slip between the cup and the lip" - "Don't say "Hop!" without jumping over."
"Out of sight, out of mind" - "Out of sight, out of mind."
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Transformations

Morphological

Lexical Syntactic

Originaltext

Translation

Translation by transformation mechanism

Mental image of the source text(concept)

Originaltext

Translation

Translation by denotative mechanism Fig. 3

There is no direct connection between the source text and the translation in those speech cliches that we talked about in the previous chapter, for example:
"Mind your step!" - "Careful, don't trip!" "Enjoy your meal!" - "Bon appetit!" Translation performed using the denotative method is sometimes called interpretation, in contrast to translation itself, which is performed by transforming the forms of one language into the forms of another.
Often we resort to the denotative mechanism of translation due to the need to explain to those for whom the translation is intended the meaning of the statement addressed to them:
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“You must show your commitment” - “You must show your willingness to participate” (for example, in a project).
If we translated by transformations, then among the Russian equivalents of the word “commitment” we would not find a suitable one (commitment - delivery, transfer, detention, obligation, commission, for example, of a crime).
Differences in the way of life and thinking of speakers of different languages ​​quite often lead to the fact that the translator is forced to interpret and explain this or that concept, resorting to a denotative approach.
Many such concepts are appearing now, in the post-Soviet period. These are not only terms and quasi-terms that are most often transliterated and do not cause difficulties in translation (for example, “remake”, “fan”, “bu-tik”); These are also new concepts of qualitative assessment of actions (such as “integrated” or “counterproductive”), which almost always require interpretation from the translator depending on the context and speech situation.
We will return to this later, but now, I think, the reader has a completely logical question: “How do we actually translate? Which of these theories corresponds to the truth?”
The answer is fairly clearly suggested to us by the practice of translation - to a certain extent, both theories correspond to the truth, and when translating we use both one and the other method.
The transition from transformations to interpretation of meaning by means of the target language is most accurately described by V.N. Komissarov1.
He identifies five so-called translation equivalence levels, of which the first two (the level of words and phrases and the sentence level) correlate with direct interlingual transformations, and the rest assume a fairly free interpretation
Komissarov V.N. A word about translation. - M., 1973.
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The meaning of the translated text based on the broader context, situation and background information.
It should be noted, however, that in practice such a clear separation of levels is quite rare. As a rule, when translating, we use some kind of combination of these two approaches and one or the other approach prevails depending on the translation situation, the type of translation, the type of text being translated and, of course, is directly related to the professional level of the translator.
First of all, it should be said about the role of the “human factor” in choosing one of these mechanisms.
No matter how much the singers of “labor feat” claim the opposite, we are all quite lazy and tend to follow the path of least resistance, and it is precisely this path that the transformation method offers.
Transformational translation requires less “mental effort” and, as a rule, translators prefer it in their routine work, translating word by word until they come across a word or grammatical construction that forces them to change the word order, paraphrase the translation, or abandon transformations altogether and take the path of interpreting the content of the original (i.e., apply a denotative approach).
Let me give you an example from the same “Brighton Lollipop”:
"The banister shook under his hand, and when he opened the door and found the mob there, sitting on his brass bedstead smoking, he said furiously..."
“The railing shook under his hand, and when he opened the door and saw that all the guys were there and smoking, sitting on his copper bed, he shouted angrily..”
One can, apparently, with sufficient grounds to assert that before the words marked in italics, the translators translated this text “word by word,” i.e. transformational way, and only when they came across the construction “found the mob... sitting... smoking”, they resorted to the denotative mechanism (why is it impossible to translate this construction
54

Consider it a complex syntactic transformation, I will say a little later).
But it would seem that translators of fiction have more than enough time to think about it, to interpret it, but, firstly, it is easier to transform the text, and secondly, transformations often give quite acceptable results, therefore, as they say, “good is not good.” looking for."
During simultaneous translation, there is simply no time for interpretation, so simultaneous interpreters, as a rule, interpret using a transformation mechanism, often sacrificing stylistic “smoothness.”
In oral consecutive translation, when you need to remember and translate several sentences at once, the denotative approach naturally prevails, i.e. interpretation, and translation is rarely a structural copy of the original.
The choice of approach is, of course, influenced by the genre of the original text - in general, when translating fiction, especially poetry, the denotative approach predominates, since the task of such translation is not only and not so much to convey the content, but to create an adequate image, to evoke appropriate emotions in the reader and associations, and the means for this are different in different languages ​​(we’ll talk about this later).
When translating scientific and technical literature, on the contrary, the most important thing is to accurately convey the content, and here transformations naturally predominate.
Now let's think about whether these two approaches, transformational and denotative, are really so different?
After all, denotative translation, i.e. a free interpretation of a given segment of the original text can also be considered a transformation, i.e. structural analogue of this piece of text in another language. Yes, this is certainly true, but there are still two significant differences.
The first difference is quantitative:
- Transformations are used repeatedly or, as they say, are regular.
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Translation correspondences based on denotations (interpretations) are used only for a given case or, as they say, are occasional.
What'er I be, old England is my dam!
So there's my answer to the judges, clear.
I"m nothing of a fox, nor of a lamb;
I don't know how to bleat nor how to leer:
I"m for the nation!
That's why you see me by the wayside here,
Returning home from transportation1.
I will answer the judges clearly: my native land,
Wherever I am, my soul is a stronghold.
The bleat of a sheep and the wag of a fox
I won't. My people are dear to me.
For this reason alone
I was expelled from England, but
I'm returning home now.
In this example of poetic translation, the correspondence between the original and the translation is occasional, i.e. is appropriate only for this case, while, say, the correspondences “Good morning”, “come in”, “open the window” and the like are regular, i.e. are used in all or almost all cases.
True, translations of idioms and speech cliches are used many times, but they still relate to correspondences based on denotations, since they have a second difference - they express a single and indivisible mental image (concept).
Transformational correspondences of a text segment can be divided into components (for example, “good morning” = “good” - “good” + “morning-morning”; “open the window” = “open” - “open” + “window” - “window”) "), while correspondences based on denotation cannot be divided into individual components.
1 Meredith G. The Old Chartist (Meredith D. The Old Chartist I Translated by V.E. Vasilyeva // English poetry in Russian translations. - M., 1981.
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To verify this, it is enough to take some individual correspondence, say, from the above poem or from the speech stamp “Staff only” - “No outsiders” and see if it is correct.
It is easy to see that the word “transportation”, taken separately, hardly means “expulsion”, and the word “staff” can hardly anywhere else mean “outsider”, or “entry”, or “forbidden”.
The correspondence from the translation of “Brighton Lollipop”, which we talked about above (“found the mob... sitting... smoking” - “... saw that all the guys were here and smoking, sitting ...”), is also impossible be considered a transformation due to its indivisibility and occasional nature (“all the guys” cannot, obviously, be considered a regular equivalent of the word “mob”).
Of course, in large fragments of even poetic translations one can find individual correct regular correspondences, but this will not mean that, in general, the mental images of the original and the translation-interpretation do not form a single whole and are not created only for a given case.
In Fig. Figure 4 clearly shows another difference between the transformation method - it is procedurally (algorithmically) transparent, and a translation made through transformations can be easily converted into a reverse one, in contrast to a translation made using a denotative mechanism - for example, a reverse translation of "The Arabian Nights" will give us " Arabian" or "Arabian nights", but not "a thousand and one nights".
It seems to me that the transformational and denotative mechanisms show quite convincingly how the translation process occurs. However, in order to answer the question of whether we translate everything and to show the influence of translation knowledge on the translation process, it is convenient to present it as a special type of communication.
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Translation using transformations

The book describes the experimental methods that are most feasible for studying the properties of these products.
The book describes the experimental techniques that are best suited to study the properties of these products.

Translation of medical texts or medical translation is the translation from one language to another of specialized medical publications and texts of a private nature, the content of which is directly related to human health. Special... Wikipedia

Translation- 1. THEORY OF LITERARY TRANSLATION. Literary (or artistic) translation is a problem that goes far beyond the boundaries of pure literary linguistic technique, since every translation is, to one degree or another, an ideological development... ... Literary encyclopedia

LANGUAGE- a sign system used for the purposes of communication and cognition. The systematic nature of language is expressed in the presence in each language, in addition to the dictionary, also of taxis and semantics. Syntax determines the rules for the formation of language expressions and their transformation,... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

TRANSLATION- translation, m. 1. more often units. Action according to verb. translate–translate (1). Transfer of the manager to another position. Transfer to the senior group. Changing the clock hand to an hour. Transfer of small-peasant farming in the USSR to collective farms. Translation to... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Language and languages- (in the linguistic sense) in the meaning of human speech. This name is used in Russian language figuratively, metaphorically, and the main, visible organ of pronunciation, language, is taken in the meaning of the process, in the meaning of activity and the entire totality... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Translation- This term has other meanings, see Translation (meanings). This article contains a list of sources or outside ... Wikipedia

translation- 1. The word translation, as one of the types of complex human speech and language activity, usually means either the translation process itself, or the result of the translator’s activity - an oral or written text, a statement. Since the translation process... ... Explanatory translation dictionary

translation- noun, m., used. often Morphology: (no) what? translation, what? translation, (see) what? translation, what? translation, about what? about translation; pl. What? translations, (no) what? translations, what? translations, (I see) what? translations, what? translations, about what? about translations... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

translation- TRANSLATION1, a, m Written text (or spoken language) translated from one language to another. My father asked if he had a translation ready from Cornelius Nepos into German (Gonch.). TRANSFER2, a, m Money sent through credit institutions and... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

translation- TRANSLATION is the process and result of an activity consisting in reproducing the text of one language and culture in another language and in another culture. A dictionary of the Russian conceptual language that records the process and result of translation work... ... Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science

New World Translation- New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures Front hard cover of the book

Books

• , An anthological collection of selected lyrics from the 20th-21st centuries compiled and translated into English by Galina Rud. As the history of world literature testifies, the compilation of a poetic anthology... Publisher: Lukomorie, Manufacturer: Lukomorie, Buy for 1576 UAH (Ukraine only)
• We Have Been the Argonauts / We were the Argonauts, An anthological collection of selected lyrics of the XX-XXI centuries compiled and translated into English by Galina Rud. As the history of world literature testifies, the compilation of a poetic anthology... Publisher:

Today, the Internet offers a wide variety of different ways to earn money in different directions. This allows you to find a job for any interested user of the World Wide Web. But as practice shows, only professionals in their field achieve truly excellent financial results, growth and stability. For example, programmers, designers, translators.

If you have a confident command of a foreign language, then without any problems you will be able to make money online by translating texts from one language to another. Now this area is in great demand and needs good specialists for several reasons:

• owners of websites and blogs often take material for their resources from foreign sites. But to publish a suitable article, you need a translator who will qualitatively present it into Russian for a certain fee;
• Many companies periodically need the services of translators, but it makes no sense for them to keep an employee on a permanent basis. That is why they turn to a certain amount of one-time work;
• a large number of businessmen conduct their business on the Internet, and when faced with foreign clients or documents, they are forced to hire translators.

It is worth noting that the most popular translation today is the translation of texts for money from English into Russian. This language is the most widespread in the world and is spoken in almost every developed country. Therefore, you can receive many more orders if you know English.

Well, it’s time to tell you how and where to make money by translating texts, what strengths and weaknesses this field of activity has, what sites to implement this work on and how much you can earn with it.

Advantages and disadvantages of translating texts for money at home

At first glance, it may seem that translating texts for money on the Internet is an ideal job for specialists in this field. However, as with any other job, there are pitfalls here that should definitely be taken into account.

The undeniable advantages of making money on translations:

• you will be able to work for yourself and gain complete financial independence;
• Working from home, you independently determine your work schedule;
• you are given the opportunity to independently decide which orders and topics to work on and which not to take on;
• In the process of work, you will improve your knowledge and gain valuable experience. This will allow you to increase the cost of your services over time and fulfill orders more quickly;
• Working with new topics, you will learn a lot of new things and expand your horizons of knowledge.

The disadvantages of translating texts for money include:

• orders must be sought independently (especially at the beginning of the journey), which is why earnings cannot be called stable;
• whatever one may say, now there are many experienced translators on the network, truly masters of their craft, which creates high competition in the field;
• if you are translating texts for sale and not fulfilling orders, they may spend a long time looking for their buyer (especially if the topic is not in great demand);
• It is quite rare, but still possible to stumble upon a scammer who may not pay for the work you have done.

To avoid becoming a victim of deception, avoid services that require you to make an advance payment to receive orders or pay for registration. Ideally, you should take an advance, but only translators with a high rating and reputation can afford this. Also beware of customers with negative reviews - most likely, they will be problematic to do business with.

Is it possible to make money from translations without knowing a foreign language?

Many beginners ask the question: is it possible to make money by translating texts if there is no deep knowledge of foreign languages? At the same time, use special programs and services for automatic translation of articles.

Let's think logically. If programs really did high-quality translation of text, then the services of freelancers would not be so in demand. Why should a customer pay money for work that he can do himself in just a few clicks? Such services can only serve as an assistant that will remind you of a forgotten word at the right time.

Moreover, one foreign word can have several translations at once. You will constantly misunderstand the meaning of sentences and make many mistakes. It’s not worth wasting your time and your customers; you’re unlikely to get money for such work.

How and where you can make money by translating texts on the Internet

You can make money by translating texts into Russian and vice versa in several ways, on various Internet resources. But before that, you need to complete a number of preparatory steps, which I will discuss below.

1. Select format

First of all, you must decide for yourself which work format and topic suits you best. It can be:

• articles of different styles - artistic, scientific, specialized, journalistic, etc.;
• website translations;
• work with documents;
• translation of TV series, films, cartoons (voiceover).

2. Create a resume and portfolio

Be sure to work on your resume - provide brief information about yourself, skills, education, work experience, positive qualities. If you've worked with clients before, add your work to your portfolio so future employers can evaluate your abilities. These two factors will play into your hands when choosing a candidate for text translation.

3. Find customers

There are many sites on the Internet for making money by translating texts (we will talk about them below). You need to register for them, add a ready-made resume and portfolio.

4. Complete the test task

When you find an employer, he may ask you to complete a small test order. Treat it with full responsibility, because if the customer likes your work, he will most likely want to cooperate with you on an ongoing basis.

As mentioned above, the search for orders is carried out on special sites for making money by translating texts. Conventionally, they can be divided into several categories:

In addition, you can earn extra money by translating English text into Russian in several other ways. Create your own thematic website and fill it with translated articles. When interested users begin to visit the site, you can begin to monetize it by advertising, etc.

If you work on article exchanges and cannot find suitable orders, use the internal store. You can translate articles on current topics and put them up for free sale.

The best and proven sites for making money by translating texts

To make it easier for you to find suitable projects for work, I have selected for you the best sites for making money by translating texts in the above categories.

Article exchanges

3. Translation bureaus are specialized services for finding translators, among which we can mention.

How much can you earn by translating texts?

As a rule, in the field of making money by translating texts online, payment is charged for every 1000 characters without spaces. On average, for the simplest articles, freelancers charge from 50 to 100 rubles per 1000 SBP, for more complex and highly specialized ones - up to 500 rubles. Accordingly, the larger and more complex the order, the more money you will earn from it.

But there are also a number of other factors that affect the cost of services:

• speed of work– for urgent orders that need to be completed within a few hours, you can ask for increased payment;
• freelance experience– your rating, the number of positive reviews, and the presence of works in your portfolio play a big role;
• availability of higher education or documents on completion of courses– this speaks of your education and professionalism;
• translation of text for money from rare languages, such as Korean, Swedish, Danish, etc.;
• translation of scientific and technical articles with specific terminology is paid several times higher than the usual literary text.

What do we get as a result? If you work daily from 10 thousand characters of ordinary text for 100 rubles, then your earnings will be from 1000 rubles (~22 thousand per month). This is a pretty good amount for many regions of Russia and Ukraine, and most importantly, this is far from the limit.

To summarize, I would like to note that translating texts can become not only an excellent part-time job, but also a full-fledged source of income. You can always develop in this area and, with due effort, achieve truly high financial results. All in your hands!

Software developers are trying to help corporations integrate deployed EDI-based systems into the e-commerce environment. Bluestone Software (Philadelphia, PA), Netfish Technologies (Santa Clara, CA), XMLSolutions (McLean, VA) and Mercator Software (Wilton, CT) have already begun building enterprise server integration platforms that will take on the role of EDI with XML integrator.

Meanwhile, tools for converting the EDI format into XML and vice versa began to appear on the market. Such a Java application, in particular, is offered by XMLSolutions Corporation. Its product, called XEDI Translator, tightly integrates with EDI-based trading systems, translating X.12 vocabulary and Electronic Data Interchange For Administration Commerce and Transport EDI transactions into XML.

Forward-thinking executives are already beginning to use such integration tools to accelerate the adoption of XML into business practices without compromising their clients' EDI investments.

As for the mapping of business partner documents to internal SciQuest systems, this is done using the Mercator Commerce Broker package from Mercator.

Well, experts consider it rational to invest money in the development of already used EDI applications and networks with additional services. But in new projects it is better to play a more limited role for this technology. It is recommended to focus on XML here.

That's exactly what financial services provider Deutsche Financial Services (St. Louis, Calif.), a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank (Frankfurt, Germany), does. According to Tom Chabot, vice president of its Center of Excellence, XML is seen here as a means of billing customers and their commercial financing.

Deutsche Financial Services has already invested heavily in EDI infrastructure, which is used to receive and process invoices from suppliers. Today, this technology powers a significant portion of the firm's transactions with partners and clients, and Chabot has no plans to abandon EDI transactions in favor of moving to XML anytime soon.

He admits, however, that some clients are simply not able to deploy an EDI system, but he considers transferring the lion's share of transactions to the World Wide Web too labor-intensive. “First you need to really understand everything,” Chabot emphasizes.

He is currently carefully analyzing Deutsche Financial Services' business processes to determine which ones work well with XML. In conversations with new clients and old business partners, Chabot tries to find out how interested they are in the emerging language: what are their plans for purchasing XML-enabled applications, evaluating XML-based products, prototyping systems based on the standard, exploring the capabilities of standard XML DTD templates. And last year, when choosing an application server for his company, he chose Sapphire/Web from Bluestone Software, and one of the important arguments in its favor was the ability to understand the XML language.

Figure 1 - Transition fromEDIToXML

Large enterprises that have invested heavily in EDI software can also adopt XML using the translation mechanism from one language to another. The translation engine of XEDI Translator is based on the standard X.12 data dictionary, which provides translation of EDI documents into XML format. The XML document obtained in this way can then be converted into HTML format for publication on the World Wide Web. This design allows large enterprises to exchange XML messages with small and medium-sized suppliers and buyers who do not have the desire or ability to deploy EDI infrastructure.

However, investing in XML-compatible technologies is only one area of ​​focus for companies looking to deploy electronic wholesale commerce via the World Wide Web. Many of them are actively working within industry organizations to create standard XML vocabularies for vertical markets. They expect that such activities will speed up the development of standards and therefore help them better prepare for the translation of e-commerce services into XML.

The Frankfurt company Seals, for example, has established close contacts with the University of Frankfurt, where XML was first invented. The firm's specialty is brokering data exchanges between trading partners, and it hopes the collaboration will help it more clearly define the role of XML in its e-business plans. Today, about 20% of Seals' clients receive invoices in EDI format, but Markus Laube, its chief executive, is increasingly hearing requests for such communication via the World Wide Web.

Seals split last year from Lufthansa AG AirPlus and entered the market with its own service called InvoiceXchange, which offers data delivery in XML or EDI format.

The coexistence of the two formats is helped by the integration broker from Mercator, which provides translation of information from one language to another and its routing. When a document is received from a client in EDI format, this broker converts it to XML and checks for errors in the code, format, and commands. Lufthansa AirPlus and other companies use InvoiceXchange to centralize the management of invoices from travel agencies, hotels, car rental companies and various suppliers. All information is sorted, brought together and delivered through Seals to corporate clients. Laube estimates that the firm's clients who use InvoiceXchange and receive data in XML format save up to 60 percent compared to those who rely on EDI.

“EDI is a great technology for automated commercial transaction processing, but we love the flexibility of XML,” Laube admits. “It was previously believed that EDI should finally and completely solve the problem of electronic payments between firms, but this honorable role seems to go to XML.”

This opinion is shared by Rita Knox from Gartner Group. “XML-based tools are great for companies that don't have a strong IT department or sufficient computing resources,” she says. - Such organizations simply will not be able to afford the maintenance of EDI infrastructure and networks with additional functions. And XML equalizes their opportunities and allows even a small company to maintain electronic communications with large corporations.”

But if XML is so good for e-commerce, it begs the question: How long will Seals, Deutsche Financial Services, SciQuest, and other similar companies rely on EDI? Experts have already given an answer to it. According to experts, this technology will be able to live much longer than many of the new e-commerce nodes that appear every now and then on the World Wide Web.

“My advice would be to reduce the investment in EDI and start looking at ways to use XML,” Knox explains. “EDI, apparently, will last another ten years.”