The last days of the Savior's earthly life

Great Thursday
Taking Christ into custody
(Matt. 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53 and John 18:2-12)

All four Evangelists speak in agreement about the tradition of the Lord, and each only adds his own details that complete the picture. According to St. John, Judas brought a whole Spira, that is, a part of the legion, called a cohort, and consisting of 1000 people, with a captain at their head, who is especially mentioned in the 12th verse, as well as ministers from the high priests and Pharisees. Although there was a full moon, this crowd came with lanterns and torches in the assumption that Jesus could hide in the hidden places of the garden. The warriors were armed with swords, and the servants with drekoli. Apparently they expected the possibility of serious resistance. Characteristic betrayal with a kiss. The chief priests, fearing popular outrage, ordered Judas to take Jesus carefully. The detachment, apparently, was not told Whom it should bring: it was ordered to take the One Whom Judas pointed out. And Judas, keeping the assignment given to him secret, limited himself to only one instruction: "Whoever I kiss is the one Who are we following: Take Him and lead him carefully"(Mark 14:44)

It can be assumed that Judas intended, having separated from the detachment, to approach Jesus with the usual greeting, kiss Him, and then go to the Apostles and thus hide his betrayal. But he failed. When he approached Jesus and said in confusion: "Rabbi, rabbi...", then Jesus meekly asked him: "Friend, why have you come?" Not knowing what to say to this question, Judas said in confusion: "Hail, Rabbi", and kissed Him. To show Judas that he could not hide his betrayal, the Lord said: “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”

Meanwhile, the guards approached and, as St. John (supplementing the first Evangelists), the Lord asked: "Who are you looking for?" With the detachment were, of course, Jewish elders who knew for whom the detachment was sent; and they answered: "Jesus the Nazarene." "It's me", the Lord answered loudly. Those who came were told that they would have to take Jesus by cunning, carefully, since He had followers who could intercede for Him. And suddenly He openly, as if fearing nothing, says: "It's me!" These words of Christ contained His amazing power for His enemies. And the surprise of such an answer and the strength of spirit manifested in it produced an extraordinary effect on those who came: they retreated back and fell to the ground. When they somewhat recovered from the shock, the Lord asked them a second time: “Who are you looking for?” They again answered: "Jesus the Nazarene". The Lord then says to them: “I told you that it is I. So, if you are looking for Me, leave them, let them go.”. This care of the Lord for His disciples is touching. St. John explains at the same time that the words of His high priestly prayer were to come true: “Of those that You gave Me, I have not destroyed any.” And the guards really left the Apostles and approached Jesus to take Him.

But then the Apostles decided to stand up for Him, and the impatient Peter, without waiting for an answer to the question of one of them: “Lord, should we strike with a sword?”, drew his sword and, striking the high priest’s servant Malchus, cut off his right ear, but not completely, so that the Lord healed him with one touch (Luke 22:51). “Return your sword to its place,” said the Lord to Peter; “for all who take the sword will perish by the sword” - this, of course, is not a prophecy, but only a law of Divine truth of a general nature: whoever attacks another with the intention of taking his life or inflicting a wound on him is himself worthy of the same. This is the same idea contained in the commandment given after the flood: “Whoever sheds the blood of man, his blood will be shed by the hand of man.”(Gen. 9:6). “Or do you think that I cannot now ask My Father, and He will provide Me with more than twelve legions of Angels?” The Romans called a legion a detachment consisting of 12 cohorts and containing about 10,000 soldiers. The entire angelic world would have taken up arms in defense of the Son of God if he had not given himself up to suffering voluntarily. The Lord, as it were, contrasts 12 legions with His 12 disciples. “How then will the Scripture be fulfilled, that this must be so?”(Matthew 26:54) - this means that everything that happens is the fulfillment of prophecies. Among those who came for Jesus, as Luke says, were the high priests themselves and the rulers of the temple. The Lord addressed them with reproof: “It’s as if you went up against a robber with swords and stakes”. The meaning of this denunciation is that they were clearly doing something wrong if they did not want to accuse the Lord openly in front of everyone and seize Him as a lawbreaker in broad daylight, in the presence of the people, but used such a secretive method to seize Him at night: “Now is your time and the power of darkness. Then all the disciples left Him and fled.”. - Thus the Lord’s prediction, recently uttered by Him, was fulfilled (Matthew 26:31). Only Evangelist Mark adds that a certain young man, wrapped in a veil, followed the detachment that took Jesus. Finding this suspicious, the soldiers grabbed this young man, but he broke away from them and ran away naked, leaving the blanket in their hands.

Caravaggio Kiss of Judas. OK. 1602 canvas, oil National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (inv. L.14702 And 76.4 ) Media files on Wikimedia Commons

"Kiss of Judas"- a painting by Caravaggio, the original of which is in Dublin, and a repetition was the subject of a high-profile theft from the Odessa Museum.

Plot

The plot of the film is based on the messages of the evangelists about the last days of the earthly life of Jesus Christ. Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus' disciples, betrayed him by revealing his whereabouts and pointing him out to the guards when Christ was leaving the Garden of Gethsemane.

Story

The painting was created by the artist at the request of his regular client Chiriaco Mattei. The painting was believed to have disappeared in the 18th century. In 1990, the lost masterpiece was identified by National Gallery of Ireland chief conservator Sergio Benedetti in a painting hanging in the Society of Jesus in Dublin. The discovery was published in 1993. Benedetti identified the painting and cleaned it up.

The painting, which hung in the Jesuit refectory since the early 1930s, was long believed to be a copy of a lost original by Gerard van Honthorst, one of the Dutch Caravaggists. With this attribution she came from the legacy of the Mattei family, who sold her as Honthorst in 1802 to William Hamilton Nisbet, in whose Scottish house she remained until 1921. She was then sold to Irish pediatrician Maria Leigh-Wilson, who donated her in the 1930s (probably 1934) to the Dublin Jesuits in gratitude for their support following the murder of her husband Captain Percival Leigh-Wilson by the Irish Republican Army in 1920.

At the moment, the Jesuits have provided the painting to the gallery on permanent lease.

Repetition in Odessa

The Odessa painting required restoration after its return

The painting “The Kiss of Judas” was stolen from the Odessa Museum of Western European and Oriental Art on July 30, 2008. For a long time it was considered an author’s repetition or even an original (with which the Dublin Museum did not agree).

It was discovered in Berlin. On July 25, 2010, the German Federal Criminal Police detained 4 members of an international gang (1 Russian and 3 Ukrainians). About 20 more possible accomplices of the theft were arrested in Ukraine. The canvas was found when thieves tried to transfer the purchase to an underground collector. The crime was solved thanks to the introduction of a “millionaire” straw buyer.

In 2012, the Ukrainian museum agreed that the Odessa “Kiss of Judas” is not the author’s repetition of the Dublin painting. Ukrainian experts announced that now, after research, they agree with this fact, which representatives of the Irish museum had previously insisted on. Tatyana Bychko, deputy director of the National Research Center for Restoration, in whose department the painting is now located, told reporters that they had to go to the Hermitage to establish the truth. The St. Petersburg Museum, which has its own original of the great Italian (the famous “Lute Player”), in 1954 was engaged in the restoration of “The Kiss of Judas” in Grabar’s workshops and confirmed this assumption. Most likely, the painting was painted by an Italian artist

Taking Christ into custody

(Matt. 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53 and John 18:2-12).

All four Evangelists speak in agreement about the tradition of the Lord, and each only adds his own details that complete the picture. According to St. John, Judas brought a whole Spira, that is, a part of the legion, called a cohort, and consisting of 1000 people, with a captain at their head, who is especially mentioned in the 12th verse, as well as ministers from the high priests and Pharisees. Although there was a full moon, this crowd came with lanterns and torches in the assumption that Jesus could hide in the hidden places of the garden. The warriors were armed with swords, and the servants with drekoli. Apparently they expected the possibility of serious resistance. Characteristic betrayal with a kiss. The chief priests, fearing popular outrage, ordered Judas to take Jesus carefully. The detachment, apparently, was not told Whom it should bring: it was ordered to take the One Whom Judas pointed out. And Judas, keeping the assignment given to him secret, limited himself to only one instruction: “Whoever I kiss is the one Who are we following: Take Him and lead him carefully"(Mark 14:44).

It can be assumed that Judas intended, having separated from the detachment, to approach Jesus with the usual greeting, kiss Him, and then go to the Apostles and thus hide his betrayal. But he failed. When he approached Jesus and said in confusion: "Rabbi, rabbi...", then Jesus meekly asked him: “Friend, why have you come?” Not knowing what to say to this question, Judas said in confusion: "Rejoice, Rabbi", and kissed Him. To show Judas that he could not hide his betrayal, the Lord said: “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”

Meanwhile, the guards approached and, as St. John (supplementing the first Evangelists), the Lord asked: “Who are you looking for?” With the detachment were, of course, Jewish elders who knew for whom the detachment was sent; and they answered: "Jesus the Nazarene." "It's me", - the Lord answered loudly. Those who came were told that they would have to take Jesus by cunning, carefully, since He had followers who could intercede for Him. And suddenly He openly, as if fearing nothing, says: "It's me!" These words of Christ contained His amazing power for His enemies. And the surprise of such an answer and the strength of spirit manifested in it produced an extraordinary effect on those who came: they retreated back and fell to the ground. When they somewhat recovered from the shock, the Lord asked them a second time: “Who are you looking for?” They again answered: "Jesus the Nazarene". The Lord then says to them: “I told you that it is I. So, if you are looking for Me, leave them, let them go.”. This care of the Lord for His disciples is touching. St. John explains at the same time that the words of His high priestly prayer were to come true: “Of those that You gave Me, I have not destroyed any.” And the guards really left the Apostles and approached Jesus to take Him.

But then the Apostles decided to stand up for Him, and the impatient Peter, without waiting for an answer to the question of one of them: “Lord, should we strike with a sword?”, drew his sword and, striking the high priest’s servant Malchus, cut off his right ear, but not completely, so that the Lord healed him with one touch (Luke 22:51). “Return your sword to its place,” the Lord said to Peter; “for all who take the sword will perish by the sword” - this, of course, is not a prophecy, but only a law of Divine truth of a general nature: whoever attacks another with the intention of taking his life or inflicting harm on him wound, he himself deserves the same. This is the same idea contained in the commandment given after the flood: “Whoever sheds the blood of man, his blood will be shed by the hand of man.”(Gen. 9:6). “Or do you think that I cannot now ask My Father, and He will provide Me with more than twelve legions of Angels?” The Romans called a legion a detachment consisting of 12 cohorts and containing about 10,000 soldiers. The entire angelic world would have taken up arms in defense of the Son of God if he had not given himself up to suffering voluntarily. The Lord, as it were, contrasts 12 legions with His 12 disciples. “How then will the Scripture be fulfilled, that this must be so?”(Matthew 26:54) - this means that everything that happens is the fulfillment of prophecies. Among those who came for Jesus, as Luke says, were the high priests themselves and the rulers of the temple. The Lord addressed them with reproof: “It’s as if you went up against a robber with swords and stakes”. The meaning of this denunciation is that they were clearly doing something wrong if they did not want to accuse the Lord openly in front of everyone and seize Him as a lawbreaker in broad daylight, in the presence of the people, but used such a secretive method to seize Him at night: “Now is your time and the power of darkness. Then all the disciples left Him and fled.”- Thus the Lord’s prediction, recently uttered by Him, was fulfilled (Matthew 26:31). Only Evangelist Mark adds that a certain young man, wrapped in a veil, followed the detachment that took Jesus. Finding this suspicious, the soldiers grabbed this young man, but he broke away from them and ran away naked, leaving the blanket in their hands.

An ancient legend sees in this young man the Evangelist Mark himself, who lived somewhere nearby, woke up from the noise, and without dressing, covering himself with a blanket, hurried to go out to see what was happening. But not all the Apostles completely left the Lord. Peter and John began to follow from afar the detachment of soldiers who took Jesus, followed Him at some distance, and so they reached Jerusalem itself, seeing where their Teacher was brought. Where the rest of the disciples fled is unknown, but apparently they were so shocked and frightened by everything that had happened that they sat hidden somewhere with the doors locked, as we know from John 20:19.

Arrest of Jesus Christ

Related stories

• Prayer for the Cup - the night prayer of Jesus Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane before his arrest. In his prayers, Jesus asked God “My Father! if possible, let this cup pass from Me; however, not as I want, but as You want.”
• The Kiss of Judas is a conventional sign chosen by Judas Iscariot, with which he pointed the soldiers who came with him to Jesus Christ. Only the Synoptic Gospels report the kiss of Judas.
• The Apostle Peter cuts off the ear of Malchus, the servant of the high priest, and Jesus heals him.

Theological interpretation

The Synoptic Gospels, telling about the arrest of Jesus, repeat the expression “one of the twelve,” emphasizing that it was the disciple of Christ who became the traitor to his teacher. From the gospel story it follows that Judas walked at the head of a detachment of a Roman cohort with a commander (chiliarch), high priestly servants and slaves. Russian theologian Lopukhin A.P. notes that from the literal understanding of the instructions of the Evangelist Luke, it follows that some of the Jewish high priests and elders were present at the arrest. In addition to weapons, those who came had lanterns and lamps in their hands, believing that they would need to look for Jesus, who could hide in the Garden of Gethsemane.

In the narrative of all the evangelists, Jesus did not hide from the guards and, “knowing everything that would happen to Him,” went out to meet the crowd and addressed the soldiers with a question. John Chrysostom especially emphasizes the significance of this dialogue between Jesus and the soldiers, quoted in the Gospel of John, during which they “stepped back and fell to the ground”:

“Wanting to enlighten Judas, He blinded those who came to take Him and He Himself asked them: whom are you looking for (John 18:4). But they did not recognize Him, although they had torches and lamps and had Judas with them. Then, when they answered: Jesus, then He said to them: I am the one you seek; and, turning to Judas, he says to him: friend, have you come for this? Thus, he allowed himself to be taken when he showed his power.”

In the story of John the Theologian, Jesus, during his arrest, shows concern for his disciples, telling the soldiers “leave them, let them go,” and then pronounces the words from his prayer for the cup - “of those whom You gave Me, I have not destroyed any.” The reason why Jesus did not want the apostles to be arrested with him is that they had to continue preaching and were not yet ready to endure suffering. The disciples first decided to intercede for Jesus; all the evangelists report that one of them cut off the ear of the high priest's servant with a sword (Evangelist John writes that Peter did this and calls the name of the slave - Malchus). In response to this, Jesus heals the slave (according to the Evangelist Luke) and says “return your sword to its place, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword,” repeating, according to Averky (Taushev), the commandment given by God after the flood - “Whoever sheds blood man, his blood shall be shed by the hand of man” (Gen. 9:6).

Then, according to Matthew and Mark, Jesus' disciples fled, and Luke specifically reports that the Apostle Peter followed his teacher and then denied him. The Evangelist Mark contains a mention of a certain young man who, “wrapped over his naked body in a veil,” followed Jesus, and when the soldiers tried to grab him, he ran away, leaving the veil. Since only the Apostle Mark mentions this, it is assumed that he is reporting an incident that happened to him.

Lecture 32. The betrayal of Judas, the taking of Christ into custody. The trial of the Lord by the high priests Annas and Caiaphas. Peter's denial. Sanhedrin court. Death of Judas the Traitor. Christ on trial before Pilate and Herod.

Betrayal of Judas Matt. 26, 47 -50 Mk. 14, 43 -46 Luke. 22, 47 -48 John. 18, 2 -9 47. And, when yet 43. And immediately, as He still 47. When He still 2. And Judas knew this place, He said, behold Judas, spoke, comes, said this, his betrayer, because Jesus was often one of the twelve, Judas, one of the people who appeared, and gathered there with His disciples. came, and with him the twelve, and with him went before him 3. So Judas, taking a band of soldiers and a multitude of people with one of the servants from the high priests and swords and staves, from the twelve, the Pharisees, comes there with the lanterns of the high priests and is called Judas, and lamps and weapons. Zigaben: “Luke (22:48) says that when Judas approached Jesus Christ to kiss the elders of the people. scribes and elders. and he approached 4. Jesus, knowing everything that would happen to Him, His, St. John, Judas brought the whole one. Judas, did Jesus Christ kiss the Son of Man with the mouth and say to him: “Spira,” that is, to the legion called “betrayed?” “According to 48. And he who betrayed Him 44. And he who betrayed Him to Jesus, part of him went out and said to them: Whom are you looking for? We generously expressed a sign, saying: kisses and reproached for the fact that he makes a sign of love before the target gave them a sign, saying: gave a kiss to the head. 5. They answered: Jesus of Nazareth. and consisting of 1000 people with a thousand commander in. His. This crowd came with lanterns as a sign of betrayal. However, He pushed him away and accepted the kiss, and so on. The warriors do not and can from Himself, in hidden places allowed with Whom I will kiss, He and Whom I will kiss, with torches in the assumption that the Lord For he hides Jesus says to them: It is I. I stood there, take Him and take the sign: Whom I gave Myself" . with them also Judas, His betrayer. were armed with swords, and the servants of the high priests with drekoli. Apparently, they are 49. And immediately approach, lead carefully. kiss, He and 6. And when he said they expected the possibility of serious resistance.” to them: “It’s me,” - they are Blzh. Theophylact: “Judas gives a sign, partly because it was night and they could not go to Jesus, said: 45. And having come, he immediately eats. retreated back and fell to the ground. recognize, and on the other hand, and therefore, 48. Jesus said to take Jesus were not any of those who came 7. Again, the Blzh was not subjected to so much. Rabbi! And Theophylact: “The Lord to Him and about spiritual destruction, by which he asked them: whom are you looking for? They say Rejoice, Averky: the people came up and asked not that they needed to know, but to capture Jesus by cunning, Blzh. Theophylact: says: Rabbi! and to him: according to which they distorted: Jesus of Nazareth. that “Christ was inspired that, perhaps, not simply.” Those who came were the bishop’s servants, they would have to. It’s wonderful how the soldiers didn’t take as much at all, in order to show that the disciples the evangelist understood this and kissed Him about destruction, and how He has followers, Judas! bodily. intercede for Him. knew carefully, so who can then, like Him. Jesus. The student was not killed and found out. He asks how annoying. And suddenly it is obvious that they are not His. together with Him the apostles saw Him and not them, even then, Jesus answered: another person, and this is theirs. 50. Jesus said how he kissed and shows them the Teacher by kissing.” concluded. Is it with His kiss that when Peter I told you that He openly, without saying anything, said: “It is I.” fearing the power of the word of Christ, Judas. So, then, 8. It was indescribable that they did not recognize him by his voice nor did they lay Him who was taken by me; so, if you are looking for a reason, leave them, Obviously, this is 46. And the rest, to him: friend, why did you forcefully betray the Son by them. . . If I accept their infirmities, for His enemies it is shocking if And the surprise of such an answer and the strength of spirit, strength. would crucify Him, even if there was popular indignation, voluntarily.” they are beyond temptation." have you come? Then could their hands take Him and take the Human One? surrendered to go, - Judas to take Jesus “The high priests, apparently He Himself, without fear, gave the order manifested in it, produced an extraordinary effect on those who came: they retreated Glatkov: “Such caution on the part said, Whom the word spoken to them would come true, they approached and laid Him. The detachment, apparently, did not have high priests; they needed two of them: 9. Yes, they need to be brought.” carefully. back, and fell on those who were awake and spilled the beans on the ground." “Of those whom You gave Me, I did not give reasons: those sent could have accidentally met hands on Jesus, and took Him. Whoever they are going to, and thereby attract a crowd that could free the detainee and kill no one.” them, for their Prophet; In addition, there was already a case when the guards of the temple and the servants of the high priests, sent to take Jesus, did not dare to detain Him (John 7: 45-46).”

Taking Christ into custody, Peter's sword Matt. 26, 51 -56 Mk. 14, 47 -52 Luke. 22, 49 -53 John. 18, 10 -12 51. And behold, one of those who were with 47. And one of 49. And those who were with Him, seeing, to 10. Simon Jesus, stretching out his hand, took out those who stood there and extracted what was going on, said to Him: Peter , having a sword, his sword and, having struck the slave with the sword, struck the servant, Lord! Shouldn't we strike him and draw him out, and cut off the high priest with the sword? hit my ear. and cut off his ear. 50. And one of them struck the servant of the high priest. 52. Then Jesus said to him: 48. Then Jesus the high priest, and cut off that servant, and put thy sword back in its place, said unto them, It is as if he had his right ear. cut off his right hand, for all who took the sword used the sword against the thief 51. Then Jesus said, “ear.” The name of the slave will perish; Leave your swords alone, that's enough. And, there was Malchus. 53. Or do you think that I cannot sword, stakes, so that if I touch his ear, I will heal 11. Nolamb, Blzh. Theophylact: “He (Peter) will perish by the sword” who had recently killed a. Jesus Averky: “For he took everything and had it with him - this, of course, is not a prophecy, only now to pray to My Father at the supper. Me. it. e. take Cutting off an ear, shows that he said to another Peter: He is a king, once the people who attack the Jews were sick and him. Blzh. Jerome: “Malchus, whose wickedness tasted the law of Divine truth of a general nature: the Jews, became a slave with the intention of presenting to Me more than And 49. Every day 52. ​​Put the same thought into the high priests and the same letter, the greed of the priests. he has lost his rights and deserves the same. This is to take his life or inflict disobedience on him." wound, that ear, so that everything insignificant into the sword of twelve legions of Angels? ear. And the Lord restores the temple and the ear of those of the Jews, I was with you in the rulers of the right scabbard; Is it really possible to listen to the Scriptures in the commandment given after the flood: “Whoever sheds human blood, which is imprisoned by the left 54. How will the Scriptures be fulfilled, that the temple and slaves turn into royal and priestly.” You taught the elders who gathered for Me not to drink which will be shed by the hand of man: His blood they desire to believe, and the race for man was created in the image of God...” (Genesis 9: 6).” Zigaben: “slave is it supposed to be like that? the high priest lost an ear to show that the high priests did not. Lopukhin: “In words against Him, Jesus said: like the cup that they took Me. But Christ heard a bitter reproach. At the very first, they were deprived of hearing the prophecies concerning Him because of envy; “He was numbered among the evildoers.” 55. At that hour Jesus said to the people, “Let the Scriptures be fulfilled.” as if the Father gave it to me to find a robber? the reproach was that He to i.e. understanding them. Blzh. Theophylact: they came out with the healing of the slave. He does not need this, that they will be and that they would be stakes. Then the warriors seem to be like Jerome: “I” Indicate mercy. Onnim, exterminated from. This is strongly expressed in you with swords and could take revenge on them, all 12. even if Blzh. the thief showed His help to the twelve apostles, although the Romans were Jews (Isa. 53:12). But he was not a robber. I would like a sword; He also taught us to do good to those who do us evil. Noah, how did you defend Me, because you took the sword against Him.” legions of angelic troops. Should Yaslov take twelve from Me with swords and stakes? the sides point to the can “I sat” in order to take one of them, Me; every day of the ancients one legion was made up of 53. Every thousand people.” The captain of the thousand was sitting with you. Blzh. Theophylact: “However, are you teaching Christ not to take revenge? First of all, he struck with a sword the one who was commanded to “sitting” in the temple, and with I from six there was another day - - the full custom is not undertaken not for yourself, but for the Teacher, and then in His temple, and you did not truly do the opposite - was not yet perfect." and the servants are the night, and the power of you in the peaceful calm activity of I, teaching in the temple, and you took this is your power of darkness. Therefore, you are like robbers, mobile, but the Jews took Me. activities raised their hands against Me, they chose a secret and complete time, which is decent and 56. All these things will come true now of danger.” the authority of Jesus and have bound your time both to you and to the work you are undertaking.” writings of the prophets. darkness. His…

The flight of the disciples, the incident of the naked youth Matt. 26:56 Then all the disciples left Him and fled. Mk. 14, 50 -52 50. Then, leaving Him, everyone fled. 51. One young man, wrapped in a veil over his naked body, followed Him; and the soldiers seized him. 52. But he left the veil and ran away from them naked. Zigaben: “Some say that the young man was from the house in which Jesus Christ ate Easter, and others, definitively. Jacob, the brother of the Lord, who... Peter’s life “But not all the Apostles that were left the Lord. Two of them - all of them and John - wore the same clothes." They began to follow from afar the departing detachment of soldiers who took Jesus, followed Him, although at some distance, and so reached Jerusalem itself, seeing where their beloved Teacher was brought. Where he lived somewhere nearby, Averky woke up: “One might think that this young man fled the other nine students unknown, but apparently they were so shocked and frightened by everything that happened, the noise made by the detachment, and hurried, without getting dressed, but only hiding behind themselves that they were sitting somewhere hidden with the doors locked (John 20:19).” blanket, leave the house and see what’s happening. An ancient legend sees in this young man the Evangelist Mark himself. Evangelists often hid their name when speaking about themselves."

The trial of the Lord by the High Priest Anna In. 18, 12 -23 12. Then the soldiers and the captain and the servants of the Jews took Jesus and bound Him, 13. and took Him first to Annas, for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. 14. It was Caiaphas who gave advice to the Jews that it was better for one person to die for Zigaben: “For joy they boasted of this deed, as if representing some people. trophy. And he led Him to Annas first, since Caiaphas, who was in that year 15. Simon Peter and another disciple followed Jesus; This disciple was known by the high priest and revered him as a father, due to such family ties.” to the high priest and went with Jesus into the courtyard of the high priest. 16. And Peter stood outside the doors. Then another disciple, who was known to the high priest, came out and spoke to the doorkeeper and brought Peter in. 17. Then the servant servant said to Peter: “Are you not one of this man’s disciples?” He said no. "Ap. John was known to the high priest, to whom exactly and why is unknown: 18. Meanwhile, the slaves and servants, having lit a fire, because it was cold, stood and warmed themselves. according to legend - according to their fishing." Peter also stood with them and warmed himself. Glatkov: “If Jesus had endured this insult in silence, they might have thought that He 19. The high priest asked Jesus about His disciples and about His teaching. recognizes it as deserved; An overly zealous servant would be especially proud. 20 Jesus answered him: I have spoken openly to the world; I always taught in the synagogue and in the temple, where Jesus always asked Jesus about his disciples with such silent approval, perhaps like this: Bl. Theophylact: “High priest of action. Therefore, in order to stop evil in itself, the Jews converged, and secretly said nothing. at the beginning, to let the servant feel all of them, and what kind of sin, Jesus conquers evil, where are they, who are they, for what purpose did He gather the burden from His intention? he wanted 21. What Theophylact: “Do you suspect that I am some kind of rebel who secretly composes Me? told them; behold, they know that I have spoken. Blzh. you ask “If I ask those who heard that I am a troublemaker. He also asks for a kind word. some innovator or bad, point out what exactly in mine he said bad, then show, convict Him, as 22. When He said this, one of the ministers stood. I didn’t say anything, just on the cheek, saying: some kind of conspiracies; but you consider Me bad; close, hit Jesus, what is the answer to the high priest, do you say that it is secret and if it is not contrary to the teaching: what is it, does it not differ from the Law, I said well, to Moses, so that it is so outrageous and, as you think, I’m not introducing anything new, and you answer the high priest with cunning and secret? are you hitting me? (John 18:23)." in the teaching to find a reason to kill Him as an opponent of God? ". 23. Jesus answered him: “If I said something bad, I didn’t say anything of my own.” by intention I show what is bad; What if it’s good that you beat Me? 24. Annas sent Him bound to the high priest Caiaphas.

The trial of the Lord by the high priest Caiaphas Matt. 26, 57 -61; Mk. 14, 53 -59 Luke. 22, 54 57. And those who took Jesus took Him to 53. And they brought Jesus to the high priest; and 54. Having taken Him, Caiaphas the high priest, where all the high priests gathered to him and led and the scribes and elders and scribes assembled. They brought him into the house 58. And Peter followed Him from afar, 54. Peter followed Him from afar, even into the high priesthood as far as the court of the high priest; and, the court of the high priest; and sat with ka. Peter went inside, sat down with the servants, and warmed himself by the fire. followed to see the end. 55. The high priests and the entire Sanhedrin came from afar. 59. The chief priests and elders sought testimony against Jesus in order to betray him, and the entire Sanhedrin sought His death; and were not found. false witness against Jesus, 56. For many bore false witness against Him, that they might put Him to death, but these testimonies were not sufficient. 60. and were not found; “knowing much 57. And some stood up and bore false witness to Zigaben: and although they would not find evidence against an innocent person, they looked for false witnesses, but they did not find them. against Him and Him as the guilty one, therefore they form false testimony. They wanted to condemn and said: But finally two came 58. We heard Him say: I am the judgment seat, and they are looking for false testimony.” I will destroy the false witness this temple made with hands, and after three days 61. and they said: He said: I can build another, not made with hands. destroy the temple of God and in three days 59. But even such a testimony was not theirs to create it. enough. “The Lord said then: “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (John 2:19), but did not say: “I can destroy”; “in three days I will raise it up” - “I will raise it”, in Greek: “egero”, but did not say: “I will create”, which is expressed by a completely different Greek word: “ikodomiso”. He then spoke about the temple of His Body, and false witnesses presented His words as some kind of boasting, in which, in essence, there was also nothing criminal, why St. Mark says: “but even this testimony was not enough” (14:59).”

Matt. 26, 62 -68 Mk. 14, 60 -65 Luke. 22, 63 -65 62. And the high priest stood up and said 60. Then the high priest stood up to Him: Why don’t you answer? what is in the middle and asked Jesus: what do they testify against you? don't you answer? that they 63. Jesus was silent. And the high priest testifies against You? He said to Him: I adjure You by God 61. But He was silent and did not answer alive, tell us whether You are the Christ, the Son of nothing. God's High Priest again? asked Him and said to Him: Are you 64. “I conjure You” you was the usual formula of the spell when the court required Jesus to say to him: - said; even Christ, the Son of the Blessed One? I tell you: from now on you will see the Son 62. Jesus the accused certainly answered them, saying: I; and you will see the Son of true truth, Blzh. Theophylact: “Seeing the lawless judicial question of those accusing and for those who were not convinced, Christ was silent, answered the Human, sitting at the right hand, such directly posed power, and even under the spell of the Human, sitting at the right hand, calling on God to convince the justification? Wanting to involve Christ in blasphemy, signs as witnesses. For the future. The Lord could not help but answer, especially since the clouds of power and what was coming upon Him were now no longer any questions on the clouds of heaven. the bishop continues to ask Him - so that if He 63. The people holding will say: “I am the Son of 65. Then the high priest tore apart the heavenly ones. God”, the need to hide His Messianic Divine dignity.” condemn Him, or, if He denies Jesus, they cursed His clothes “From here on, He is like a blasphemer, Pointing to the time after the Resurrection. Behold 63. Then the high priest, tearing him apart, had over Zigaben: and said: that is, a little later. against Himself." witness blasphemy! why else do you kill us, who sit on the right hand, on what else are our clothes, said: the power of God, with Him they beat Him; Me, Whom are you now or the witnesses with the throne? Behold, now have you heard us witnesses? 64. and, having covered Him, to God and the Father, and at the Second Coming to those coming from above on the clouds of heaven, as God.” His blasphemy! 64. You have heard blasphemy; how they hit Him in the face and 66. what do you think? They said blasphemy? Isn’t that what they recognized Him to be? Glatkov: “What does this seem to you to consist of? All they asked Jesus was now the answer: guilty of death. Do they know that He is really the Messiah? But the Jews were expecting His coming guilty of death. prophecies, who struck before what was said 67. Then they spat on Him and choked Him 65. And the Jews as a people did not doubt this; this is what the Messiah believed; after all, the Messiah was coming; some people started spitting on you? “The Pharisees. You can’t give an instruction, Don’t judge for something that is final. And many others of Him; others struck Him on the cheeks, what in and, closing matters, is He the Messiah? Consequently, it is not even in the Talmud that the Messiah Himself is criminal in His person, striking 65. the pronouncement of 68. the sentence should be upon us, Christ, earlier, would have been to the court, another prophecy. And the servants uttered blasphemies and condemned Jesus to follow not Him and said to Him: the day after the beginning of the judgment. Neither Caiaphas, they said: it was necessary to prophesy death as if he were an impartial judge, and nor the Sanhedrin wanted to postpone the final condemnation of Jesus for a long time, so who hit you? Is it not possible, without contradicting the prophecies, to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, just as they beat Him on the cheeks? against him. investigate, should such a one come? But this confusion among the people, and all their plans, which delay could have caused the question, did not now occupy the wicked judges. They get so upset. their own Messiah, invented by them as the invincible king of the earth, they are accustomed to believe in. But the form of the secondary court had to be observed. Therefore, the members of the Sanhedrin decided to go home, but gather again at dawn.” conqueror to the Jews of the whole world, who could not even think that the Messiah could be the poor and meek Galilean Teacher.”

The first and second renunciation of St. Petra Mf. 26, 69 -72 Mk. 14, 66 -70 Luke. 22, 55 -58 John. 18, 16 -18; 25 69. Peter sat outside 66. When Peter was at 55. When they separated 16. And Peter stood outside in the courtyard. And she approached the courtyard below, and there came one fire in the middle of the courtyard and the doors. Then another maidservant and one of the maidservants sat down together, and Peter the disciple sat down and said, “And you were with the high priest among them.” familiar to the high priest, Jesus 67. and seeing Peter 56. One maidservant came out and said to the Galilean. warming himself and seeing him sitting at the door, and brought Peter in. 70. But he denied having looked at him, the fire and having looked at 17. Then the servant of the door in front of everyone, said: she said: and you were from him, said: and this one says to Peter: and you are not from I do not know that you are Jesus of Nazareth. was with Him. Are you disciples? Are you saying this? 68. But he denied, saying: 57. But he denied the Man? He said no. 71. When he did not know and did not understand Him, he said to the woman: 18. Meanwhile, the slaves went out of the gate, you say. And I went out, I didn’t know Him. the servants, having lit a fire, saw him again, and into the front yard; and sang 58. Soon, because it was cold, he said to those who were there: the rooster. the other, seeing him, stood and warmed themselves. Peter also was with Jesus 69. The maid saw him and said, “You too are one of them.” But he stood with them and warmed himself. We are Nazarenes. again, Peter began to speak and said to this 25. Simon Peter stood and 72. And he again denied to those standing here: this one is one of them. person: no! warmed up. Then they said to him: not with an oath, that not 70. He again denied. Are you one of His disciples? He knows This Man. St. John Chrysostom: “Who, in fact, would not be enraged, denied and said: no. what happened then? And yet the disciple, overcome by fear, not only does not show any First renunciation began with the threat of the poor, powerless servant. And not indignation, but also renounces, does not demolish the gates, and Peter forgot about his Blessed. Theophylact: “Having been tormented by immeasurable fear, it ended by the fire. promises and once, but also human weakness, as if dying from fear and time, and not before the judges.” submits a second time and renounces a third time, and in a short time not knowing what he is saying.” The second renunciation occurred precisely at the time when Jesus was being led from Annas to Caiaphas, as one might think on the basis of v. 24 and 25. Chapter 18 from John.

Third renunciation and repentance of the ap. Petra Mf. 26, 73 -75 Mk. 14, 70 -72 73. A little later, after a little, those who stood there came up and those who stood there began to speak again and said to Peter: Surely you are one of them; you are one of them, for your speech is for you are a Galilean, and yours denounces you. your dialect is similar. 74. Then he began 71. He began to swear and swear that he would swear: I don’t know, I don’t know this man, about whom And suddenly the rooster crowed. speak. 75. And Peter remembered 72. Then the rooster crowed at the word spoken to him the second time. And he remembered by Jesus: before Peter the word was spoken to him before the rooster crows, by Jesus: before you deny three times, the rooster will crow twice, Me. And when you go out, you will renounce three times and cry bitterly. Me; and started crying. OK. 22, 59 -62 John. 18, 26 -27 59. About an hour passed, 26. One of the servants still spoke urgently to the high priest: Surely this one was from the earth, a relative of Him, for he is a Galilean. to the one who was 60. But Peter said to that Peter cut off the ear of the man, “I don’t know what you are saying: is it not I who are speaking?” And immediately, while he saw you and was still talking to Him, the rooster crowed. in the garden? 61. Then the Lord, 27. Peter turned again and looked at the one who denied; and immediately Peter, and Peter remembered the rooster crowed. the word of the Lord, as He said to him: Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times. 62. And going out, he wept bitterly. St. John Chrysostom: “Luke says that Jesus looked at him (Luke 22:61), that is, it was not the first time the rooster crowed, according to the testimony of the apostle. Mark, after the first renunciation (68 v.), Saint Clement, and then, as the rooster crowing, did not remember on his own, subjected only to renunciation, the disciple at the moment when the Lord had already been condemned was needed, The third renunciation coincided with the Apostle Peter, testifies, that Peter served throughout the second time (72 prostrates, followed by beatings, during the night singing of the third) with tears. So he must remind his brother that Caiaphas was taken out of the house and fell instead of his voice. The Teacher repented of his desecration of his life again: the rooster blew up the courtyard, He was in custody, renounced and asked for the morning, struck with fear! . was expecting forgiveness.

The verdict of the Sanhedrin Matt. 27:1 1. When the morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people had a meeting concerning Jesus, to put Him to death... Mk. 15:1 1. Immediately in the morning the chief priests with the elders and scribes and the entire Sanhedrin held a conference and, having bound Jesus, took him away and handed him over to Pilate. OK. 22, 66 -71 66. And when the day came, the elders of the people, the chief priests and the scribes, gathered together, and brought Him into their Sanhedrin 67. and said: Are you the Christ? tell us. He said to them: If I tell you, you will not believe it; 68. Even if I ask you, you will not answer Me and will not let Me go; 69. From now on the Son of Man will sit at the right hand of the power of God. 70. And they all said: So, are you the Son of God? He answered them: You say that I am. 71. And they said: What more evidence do we need? for we ourselves have heard from His mouth. “The Lord offers a reproof of them, showing that He, as the Knower of the Heart, knows their thoughts. The court was convened only for the sake of form: the Lord’s fate was still already Blzh. Theophylact: “If you believed My words, then what would be useless: a foregone conclusion, no matter what He says. Therefore, the Lord answered: I need to speak to Me if I asked you about. If I ask you anything, lead to an explanation of the matter. When did you listen to this meeting? Moreover, you might not answer. about My messianic dignity and to your dispersion, did you remain silent on the question given to you? Therefore, I will also say Me and believe? When you are not blinded, you still will not answer Me not only, I have the opportunity to justify myself to you and be released if you but give that from now on it is not time to tell you and explain who I am (for to freedom: know that after all that , why the signs I have performed), and from now on, you wished that you would know Me from what is fitting, thanks to your malice, you will see Me no other way than in the glory of My Father.” condemnation."

The Death of Judas the Traitor Matt. 27, 3 -10 3. Then Judas, who betrayed Him, saw that He was condemned, and, repenting, returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, 4. saying: I have sinned by betraying innocent blood. They said to him: What is that to us? take a look yourself. 5. And throwing away the pieces of silver in the temple, he went out, went and hanged himself. Zigaben: “Saying: Having sinned by betraying innocent blood, Judas testified that Jesus 6. The high priests, taking in their sin and what Judas put on their neck in deed Zigaben: Theophylact: “Know what it is not permissible to put a noose before, Blzh. “Confess the silver coins, they said: there is food for us; You will see - Christ died innocently, and the Jews, saying: everyone and throw away the pieces of silver, agreed with his church treasury - because of despair. the tree bent over, he remained alive, in repentance, but this was a matter of hanging himself, as it was witnessed by the enemies.” Hanging yourself on some tree is the price of blood. learned all the evil, repented and confessed by testimony; thus the truth Jude 7. Having done. But he didn't ask for forgiveness. That, the potter's land, for the burial of strangers; German God wanted to save him either for repentance or for him. The devil is a reproach. For because of the meeting, they bought from them Who could bestow in laughter and did not allow it 8. Therefore, it is called he fell into water sickness, so he sinned, but he removed it even before repenting before the earth and against the blood” to this day. they say that he is Christ, “whose land that where the 9. chariot passed freely, he could not pass through, but the prophet Jeremiah, who says: and they took it. , since he could not bear the remorse of his conscience. or thirty pieces of silver, tsenuk. The valued One, Whom the children of Israel valued, resort to the merciful Christ, and he resorts 1, death, so that rather, as Luke says in Acts (Acts 18).” 10. And they gave them for the potter's land, from the sorrowful one and the Lord. free myself as the desperate life told me." Zach. 11, 12-13: “And they will weigh in payment for the future, he takes his own life, said as Blzh. Theophylact: “I cannot bear the dishonor of thirty pieces of silver. And then the Lord tells me: throw them into the church storage - a high price, at which, however, like Judas, he had to cry and beg the Devotee. Some say they appreciated Me! And I took thirty pieces of silver and threw them out, and he would gain death. Being a lover of money, he should have thought that Christ was condemned by the Jews to be a potter." They believe, Zigaben: “having seen that Jesus sold Christ and the silver of the house of the Lord, and Christ not that the indication but will escape instead of Zechariah is a consequence of the copyist’s error, he will be killed by Jeremiah of the Jews, as he often avoided. Now, seeing that He is condemned to repent to the point of betrayal; but such is the devil: before committing a sin, he is not condemned to see evil, because it is a matter of repentance, and after he assumed. According to the ancients, it was not followed by Zechariah. allows death, repented, the lists make reference not to the fact that he committed it for that reason, as if he hanged himself, in order to precede Jesus in hell and, sadness and despair.” provides this opportunity to overthrow a person by imploring Him to receive salvation.”

Christ on trial before Pilate Matt. 27:2 2. and having bound Him, they took Him away and handed Him over to Pontius Pilate, the governor. Mk. 15, 1 Lk. 23, 1 John 18, 28 -32 1. Immediately 1. And they rose 28. From Caiaphas they led Jesus to the praetorium. It was all morning; and they did not enter the praetorium, lest the high priests should order them to be defiled, but that they might eat the Passover. elders and Him to Pilate, 29. Pilate went mad! When they shout “What to them and said: why are you scribes and all accusing this Man? unjustly, they do not think that they are the Sanhedrin 30. They answered him: If He had not been defiled. But if the evildoers were to enter the judgment seat, we would not have handed Him over to you. They consider it a desecration for themselves." meeting and, having tied 31. Pilate said to them: Take him you, and according to the law of Jesus, brought him and yours to judge him. The Jews said to him: We were not handed over to Pilate. it is allowed to put anyone to death - to yourself and “Since you assign the judgment to yourselves 32. that the word may be fulfilled, he never said something, boast that it is Jesus, if you acted unjustly, then take it will die. and understand by what death He yourselves judge Him. If you brought Him to me and the cause of the Blzh. give the appearance of a court (legal form), then His Theophylact: “In order for the Lord to be crucified, the Praetorium is the judicial chamber of the Roman ruler, probably in the fortress or near the fortress, His death was to be expressed, in which This Man was necessary to be more shameful, and they disclosed Him to Antonieva in the north -west of the temple, in which this garrison was located. Roman damned, judge Him feigning guilt. So, for not “Pontius Pilate, was the fifth procurator, or ruler of Judea. you, for I kill. He got to say that they were not allowed to appoint anyone to this position in 26 A.D. from how to be like that. Tiberias. A proud man, Roman Emperor. judge; if I said the law, but the punishment was stoning? But Stefan is without guilt, then judge for yourself.” arrogant and cruel, but at the same time cowardly and cowardly, he hated that they said so because the authorities of the Blzh. Theophylact: “They took Him to the praetorium because they themselves did not have what they wanted, the Jews and, in turn, was hated by them. Soon the Lord was ready to kill them after the crucifixion of Christ, since they were under the rule of the Romans. crucified They were afraid, At the same time, it was as if he was summoned to Rome for trial, imprisoned in Vienna (in southern Gaul) and ended his life there so as not to be subsequently subjected to trial, and they said: namza for the fact that they were killed without trial.” Punishment is not allowed to kill anyone by suicide. Procurators usually lived in Caesarea, we would prefer that this One on the cross, but on the holiday of Easter they moved to Jerusalem to monitor order.” was crucified."

The first interrogation of Christ by Pilate Matt. 27, 11 Mk. 15, 2 11. Jesus 2. Pilate stood before Him and asked Him: governor. Are you the King and the Jew asked Him? ruler: You He said to the King in response: Jewish? you say. Jesus said to him: You speak. OK. 23, 2 -3 John. 18, 33 -38 2. and began 33. Then Pilate again entered the praetorium, and called for accusations against Him, Jesus, and said to Him: Are you the King of the Jews? saying, We 34. Jesus answered him, Are you saying this on your own, or have you found that others have told you about Me? corrupts the people 35. Pilate answered: Am I a Jew? Your people and ours and the high priests forbade you handed you over to me; what did you do? give tribute 36. Jesus answered: My kingdom is not of this world; If Caesar, calling My Kingdom out of this world, then My servants would have fought for Me through Christ, so that I would not be betrayed by the King. Jews; but now my kingdom is not from here. 3. Pilate asked 37. Pilate said to Him: So are You a King? Jesus answered: You are His: You are a King, saying that I am a King. That's why I was born and that's why I came to Judea? He is peace to testify to the truth; everyone who has spoken to him in truth listens to My voice. answer: you 38. Pilate said to Him: What is truth? And having said this, you speak. He went out again to the Jews and said to them: I find no guilt in Him. Glatkov: “My kingdom,” answered Christ, “is not like the kingdoms of this world. If it were Blzh. Theophylact: “My kingdom is not of this world,” and I would have subjects who were similar to these kingdoms known to you, then with such an answer he accomplishes two things: “It would have been necessary for Me and would not have allowed that He questioned - if the Sanhedrin . And they could, first of all, know what the origin is so that I was betrayed by Pilate, then born to him, a simple man You came to stand up I do not renounce this, him, this not this is the truth. I put it to my judgment that Glatkov: “Your people and leaders because he asks this from himself, and on “Yes, I am the Tsar; raises Pilate to knowledge, the high priests brought and not from among the earthly Blzh. Theophylact: “The Lord asks Pilate, himself or even then it was necessary if God, secondly, that Christ was not that solemn meeting of beings, but to answer “no”, therefore destroys the suspicion of such a thing, so that God and the Son would come to them in the abduction of the supreme one. For example, I wanted to use it. You made Pilate's sense; if I have, peace, to testify to this that the king 18:37), with which they accuse You of appropriating the king's property in foolishness, the truth (In another court. He is like the suggestion of others, and the tempo of the repetition of power. Tell and it was unjust to give so exposes Pilate’s question - only. Mine is not from the world, of course, they said, But I rejected everything from Myself, the answer is you know. Jews, Me in Jerusalem, Is this an accusation against you? You yourself, you need something to do with the authorities. “The kingdom of which is not associated with anyone, do not be afraid of who is supposedly the King? ". you say, on your own behalf, a reason to cock it, then indicate. Me, whether You are a tyrant and you recognize the value of this truth, the danger is this evidence of this”: therefore he said to Pilate: if for Christ really were. The King of Truth. Christ rising; My signs were not affirmative, but could give My Kingdom even the slightest resemblance to the existing rebel." will believe theocratic king of the universe." If others informed you, then make him a political king of the Jews, but he was. To me" . accurate research." kingdoms of this world, because My kingdom is not of this world."

Accusation of the high priests, Christ at the trial of Herod Matt. 27, 12 -14 Mk. 15, 3 -5 Lk. 23, 4 -16 12. And when 3. And 4. Pilate said to the chief priests and the people: I do not find that the chief priests accused Him of any guilt in this man. The high priest accused Him of 5. But they insisted, saying that He was disturbing the people by teaching many things to the elders. all of Judea, from Galilee to this place. He is nothing 4. Pilate again 6. Pilate, hearing about Galilee, asked: Is He a Galilean? answered. asked Him: You 7. And, having learned that He was from the region of Herod, he sent Him to Herod, 13. Then he said nothing, who was also in Jerusalem these days. Pilate told him: Aren’t you answering? 8. Herod, seeing Jesus, was very happy, for he had long desired the Blessed One. Theophylact: “Pilate sends the Lord to Herod, in fulfillment of the Roman law, you hear, you see, how to see Him, because you heard a lot about Him, and hoped to see the one who commanded that everyone be judged by the head of his region. Therefore, Jesus, as much as there was some miracle against Him, he offered the Galilean to Him to the ruler of Galilee.” didn't answer him. testify to your accusations. 9. and sends many questions, but He “Herod rejoiced at this, not because, however, as if he had something to gain against You? 5. But Jesus and 10. The high priests and scribes stood and strongly accused the benefit of the soul, seeing Jesus, but because they had heard about Him that He was a wise man and a miracle worker. . . 14. And this was not His answer. I wanted to see some miracle Herod with his soldiers, humiliating Him like we did not answer him, so 11. But from Jesus to satiate his sight, and having laughed at the spectacles, Pilate marveled. magicians imagine that they are swallowing snakes, we see how Nim dressed Him in light clothes and sent him back to Pilate. word, so swords ruler and the like, and we are surprised. For Jesus was considered to be almost of the same kind.” 12. And that day Pilate and Herod became friends with each other, and he was greatly amazed. for before they were at enmity with each other. Averky: “Into white (light)13. Pilate put on the Roman candidates for some kind of clothing, having called the high priests and rulers and the people, the authorities or the honorable 14. He said to them: you have brought this man to me, as from the armor. position (the very word “candidate” comes from “candidus”, which means white, corrupting the people; and behold, I am with the Lord, Herod found the light in the dark). Having dressed you in such clothes, he examined you and is not the most guilty of this man as what you accuse him of, but wanted to express that he only looks at Jesus, not at the funny pretender. His; 15 And Herod also, for I sent Him to him; and nothing was found in the Jewish throne, and did not consider Him a serious and dangerous criminal. This is how He, worthy of death, understood this; Pilate". 16. So, having punished Him, I will release Him.

Pilate's proposal to the people to release Christ Matt. 27, 15 -19 15. On the holiday of Easter, the ruler had the custom of releasing to the people one prisoner whom they wanted. 16. At that time they had a famous prisoner called Barabbas; 17 So, when they were gathered, Pilate said to them: whom do you want me to release to you: Barabbas, or Jesus, who is called Christ? 18. For he knew that they had betrayed Him out of envy. 19. While he was sitting in the judgment seat, his wife sent him to say: Do not do anything to the Righteous One, because today in a dream I suffered a lot for Him. Mk. 15, 6 -10 Lk. 23, 17 -19 John. 18, 39 6. For every holiday 17. And he needs 39. But you have him release one prisoner to them, it was for the custom that I asked for it. released one holiday 7. Then there was someone in chains, but let them go to you for Easter; named Barabbas, with his one prisoner. Do you want, I will release the accomplices who in 18. But all the people of you the King at the time of the rebellion made began to shout: Jewish? murder. Death to Him! a 8. And the people began to shout and let us go to ask Pilate that he was Barabbas. always did for them. 19. Barabbas was 9. He answered them: Do you want to be put in prison, I will release you the King for what was done in “Some ancient Christian writers call it Jewish? city ​​indignation name: Claudia Procula. It is assumed that she professed 10. For he knew faith, or at least was disposed to it, and murder. the Jews that the high priests betrayed, she then became a Christian. and tradition says that He was out of envy. She heard a lot about the Lord Jesus Christ and was probably afraid that her husband would incur God’s punishment for condemning Him.” Blzh. Theophylact: “When the Lord did not want to justify himself, knowing well that he would not be released even if he were justified, then Pilate turns to another path and finally resorts to custom, as if saying: if you do not release Jesus, how innocent, then, although condemned, please Him for the holiday."

The people choose Barabbas the robber Matt. 27, 20 -22 20. But the chief priests and elders stirred up the people to ask Barabbas, and to destroy Jesus. 21. Then the governor asked them: Which of the two do you want me to release to you? They said: Barabbas. 22. Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do to Jesus, who is called Christ? Everyone tells him: let him be crucified. Mk. 15, 11 -13 11. But the high priests stirred up the people to ask him to release Barabbas to them. 12. Pilate answered and said to them again: What do you want me to do with Him whom you call the King of the Jews? 13. They shouted again: crucify him. OK. 23, 20 -21 John. 18, 40 20. Pilate again raised his voice, wanting to release Jesus. 21. But they shouted: Crucify, crucify Him! 40. Then they all shouted again, saying, “Not Him, but Barabbas.” Barabbas was a robber. Blzh. Theophylact: “Barabbas” is interpreted as “son of the father,” for Var is a son, and Abba is a father. So, the Jews asked for their father’s son, the devil, and crucified Jesus. However, to this day they cleave to their father’s son, the Antichrist, and deny Christ.” “Let him be crucified,” said the Jews, intending not only to kill Him, but also to throw villainous guilt on Him, for the cross was prescribed as a punishment for villains.”

Pilate's third attempt to release Christ Matt. 27, 23 -26 Mk. 15, 14 -15 Luke. 23, 22 -25 23. The governor said: what evil 14. Pilate said to them: 22. He said to them the third time: what kind of evil has He done? But they are even stronger; what evil did He do? I have nothing worthy of shouting: let him be crucified. He? But they had not yet found death in Him; So, having punished 24. Pilate, seeing that nothing was stronger, they shouted: I will let him go. helps, but confusion crucify Him. 23. But they continued with great increase, took water and washed 15. Then Pilate, shouting, demanded that He be crucified; hands before the people, and said: Desiring to do and prevailed over their cry, and I am innocent of the blood of the Righteous One, that which was pleasing to the people, the high priests. Sego; look you. released Barabbas to them, 24. And Pilate decided to be at their request, 25. And, answering, all the people said: And Jesus, having beaten, betrayed 25. and released to them the one who had been imprisoned for Averky: “It was the custom of the Jews to wash their hands as proof of this, that he who washeth His blood is upon us and upon our children. to the crucifixion. outrage and murder in prison, innocent of shedding the blood of a person found murdered (Deut. 21: b-8). Pilate 26. Then he released Barabbas to them, whom they asked; and he betrayed Jesus and took advantage of this custom to a great extent and he removes it from St. John Chrysostom: “Look, this is a sign that their will is here. myself. Such is their rage, such is their madness! responsibility for Jesus, having beaten him, handed him over to be crucified. the execution of Jesus, whom he considered to be seen and the Righteous. “Look this way, it is an evil passion: it does not allow the innocent to see what should be seen. May you" you curse yourself; why are you bringing a curse on him too, that is, on themselves “Why are there consequences for this unjust murder?” Blzh. Theophylact: responsible for not freeing Christ? Because for children? ". Pilate, it was not safe to release Him as accused of reigning. But he should have demanded testimony: whether Christ was gathering soldiers around Him, or preparing weapons. Now, as frivolous and weak, Pilate deviates to the side; for this reason he is inexcusable: for when they asked the notorious villain, he gave it, and about Christ he asked: what to do with Jesus? - thus making the Jews the leaders of the court. Being a ruler, he could snatch Him from them, like Paul’s commander (Acts 21:31).”

The Flagellation of Christ Matt. 27, 27 -30 27. Then the soldiers of the governor, taking Jesus to the praetorium, gathered the whole regiment against Him 28. and, having undressed Him, put a scarlet robe on Him; 29. And having woven a crown of thorns, they placed it on His head and gave Him a reed in His right hand; and, kneeling before Him, they mocked Him, saying: Hail, King of the Jews! 30. And they spat on Him and, taking a reed, beat Him on the head. Mk. 15, 16 -19 John. 19, 1 -3 16. And the soldiers took Him inside the courtyard, 1. Then Pilate took that is to the praetorium, and they gathered all Jesus and ordered to beat Him. regiment, 2. And the soldiers wove 17. and clothed Him in scarlet robe, and wove a crown of thorns, and placed it on Him; head, and dressed Him in 18. and began to greet Him: purple robe, Hail, King of the Jews! 3. And they said: Rejoice, 19. And they beat Him on the head with a cane, and the King of the Jews! and they beat and spat on Him, and stood on His cheeks. knees, bowed to Him. “They put on Him a “scarlet mantle,” or a scarlet robe, that is, a red military cloak, similar to those cloaks that kings and high military leaders wore. Such cloaks were sleeveless and draped over the shoulder so that the right arm remained free. This mantle was supposed to represent the royal purple for the King of the Jews." Blzh. Theophylact: “Here David’s word was fulfilled: “He gave me to reproach the fool” (Ps. 38:9). For the soldiers did to Him what was worthy of them, being crazy people: they dressed Him in a robe instead of purple, as if they were a king; a crown instead of a diadem; and, mocking Him, they honored Him, for kneeling is a symbol of showing honor. Look how they went through every kind of reproach: the face of shame through spitting, the head through a crown, the hands through a cane, the rest of the body through a mantle, the ears through blasphemous words.”

Pilate's last attempt to release Christ. 19, 4 -16 4. Pilate went out again and said to them: Behold, I am bringing Him out to you, so that you may know that I do not find any guilt in Him. 5. Then Jesus came out wearing a crown of thorns and a scarlet robe. And Pilate said to them: Behold, Man! 6. When the high priests saw Him and crucified Him in the image of the Lord Pilate, crucify Him! outside, the servants then shouted: Pilate ordered him to be brought out. “He seemed to say to them that he was tormented - here is a lonely, humiliated, tormented man: “Look, and he who was so tormented says to them: take him and crucify him; Jews He expected that their hearts would tremble because I, in order to challenge some dangerous person, do not find guilt in Him. Is He really similar? the rebel's pity for Him; Doesn’t He excite Him alone? 7. The Jews answered him: We have a law, and according to our law He must die, because he made such a terrible spectacle, and they will no longer insist on putting the Lord to death.” looks more regret than fear? ". Blzh. Theophylact: “I, Myself, the Son of God. He says, having the power to crucify, I find no guilt; and you, who do not 8. have the power to crucify, say that Ontom, that So, take. Tsar; crucify. Pilate, Theophylact: the word, I was more afraid. He's guilty. pretends to be His and now, Blzh. hearing this “Before they accused This man must be released.” But you have no power. So, 9. And again he entered the praetorium and said to Jesus: Where are you from? But Jesus did not give him an answer. when this lie is exposed, they accuse Him of presenting Himself as the Son of God. And in 10. Pilate says to Him: Do you not answer me? Don’t you know that I have the power to crucify You and the power of what is to blame? “The sixth hour, i.e. If He does the works of God, then what prevents Him from being the Son and letting You go? According to our account, about 12 o'clock in the afternoon. In the indication of this hour in St. John appears to be in disagreement with Me of God? ". 11. Jesus answered: You would not have it with the other Evangelists: “It was given to you from above; His "no power, if not for the third hour and crucified (Mark more and from the one who was at the ninth hour therefore 15:25), on the sixth sin he delivered Me over to you. darkness over all the earth (Matt. 27:45; Mark 15:33 and Luke 23:44). But St. it depended on you why the sixth”, but “like the sixth”, that is, you did not find a friend 12. With “If Pilate sought time to let Him go. The Jews shouted: if you release Him, innocent? That’s why John doesn’t say, “It was an hour, but you did not let go of Him Whom was “as if the sixth”: for us it could be arrogance, for Caesar’s time. would have no power over Me, Lord, deposing him as king, you are not an opponent of Caesar; everyone who does it during the entire period says: between 9 o'clock in the morning and noon. Some interpreters were given to you from above. For I am not of the common Roman number, equal to ours, if, having heard this word, I brought Jesus out and time after this I die; but I commit 13. Pilate, they would not consider that John was pointing to the seat of judgment, at a place called something, i.e., it was around. Gawvafa. Liphostroton, mysterious, and this is predetermined from above for general salvation." and in Hebrew six o’clock in the morning, as we now consider, from midnight.” 14. Then it was the Friday before Easter, and it was six o’clock. And Pilate said - to the threat of accusing himself, “The accusers decided to resort to extreme means to the Jews: Behold, your King! 15. procurator in treason against the Roman power! Pilate says to them: The king's line is a friend of the Caesars. . . “But they shouted: take, crucify Caesar: “If you let this go, will I crucify yours?” The high priests answered: We have no king except Caesar. This frightened Pilate, for the emperor was then suspicious and extremely cruel. 16 Then he finally handed Him over to them to be crucified. And they took Jesus and led him away. “In the past, Tiberius willingly accepted denunciations. another threat to the cause of God”: decided. Pilate, the despot, the high priests said: “We do not have this King, except now, only in order to achieve the crucifixion of Christ, they renounced everything, saying that without sitting on their judicial seat, the lyphostroton, formally and solemnly ends, they have and do not want have no other king than the Roman Caesar." court" .

Homework Read the following passages: The suffering on the Cross and the death of Jesus Christ (Matt. 27, 3156; Mark 15, 20 -41; Luke 23, 26 -49; John 19, 16 -37). Burial of Jesus Christ (Matt. 27, 57 -66; Mark 15, 42 -47; Luke 23, 50 -56; John 19, 38 -42).