During the battle Bagration was wounded. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. From the royal family of Bagrationi

The press center of the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve reports that on September 25, 2013, the DAY OF MEMORY OF PETER IVANOVICH BAGRATION will take place.

"He is the god of the army"... - Gabriel Derzhavin so highly appreciated this brilliant, talented military leader. A native of the Caucasus, a descendant of an ancient but impoverished family of Georgian princes, he began his service as a simple soldier, became tempered in the crucible of wars and became a general. Of his 47 years of life, Pyotr Ivanovich spent twenty-three on campaigns. His mortal wound on the Borodino field, and as a result of this tragic death shook up the entire Russian society. In terms of his services to the Russian Fatherland of the 1st Western Army, Bagration is comparable to Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.

On the Borodino field, September 25 is traditionally celebrated as the day of remembrance of the infantry general Prince Bagration. This year, 2013, this day will be celebrated especially solemnly. It was to this day, after the restoration, that the museum staff timed the opening of the monument to the Life Guards Jaegersky, newly made of granite. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration was the chief.

In an amazing way, the fates of two famous heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration and Denis Davydov, are linked together. The poet and warrior Denis Davydov was still a brilliant Bagration, his confidant. It was Denis Davydov who did the incredible for the memory of the infantry general. In 1839, when the 25th anniversary of the entry of Russian troops into Borodino was celebrated on the Borodino field, the faithful made sure that the ashes of his commander were buried at Kurgan Heights on Borodino.

Therefore, on September 25, it was decided to open a memorial sign on the site of the Davydov estate, on the territory of the reconstructed imperial palace and park ensemble in the village of Borodino. It so happened in the history of the War of 1812 that many of its Russian participants, nobles, had to fight or go through battles through their own family estates. Denis Davydov had to.

He wrote about this in his “Diary of Partisan Actions of 1812”:

- “We approached Borodin. These fields, this village were more familiar to me than others! There I spent the carefree summers of my childhood and felt the first impulses of my heart towards love and glory. But in what form I found the shelter of my youth! Home "The father was dressed in the smoke of bivouacs. Rows of bayonets sparkled among the harvest that covered the fields, and huge numbers of troops crowded on their native hills and valleys. There, on the hill where I once frolicked and dreamed... there they laid the Raevsky redoubt... Everything has changed!...".

PROGRAM:

11.00. Battery Raevsky

A solemn ceremony at the grave of P.I. Bagration (Raevsky battery).

A funeral litiya with the proclamation of eternal memory “To the ever-remembered Prince Peter, the Most Pious Sovereign Emperor, to the leaders and soldiers on the battlefield of Borodino who laid down their lives and to all fallen and deceased Russian soldiers.” The litiya is conducted by Abbot Daniel, dean of the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.

12.00. Monument to the Life Guards Jaeger Regiment and Guards Crew.

Opening of the monument after restoration.

12.30. Borodino village

Unveiling of a memorial sign at the site of the Davydov estate.

14.00. Visitor center

XXII Bagrationov Readings.

Master of Ceremonies - Valery Romualdovich Klimov, Director of the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve, participating and speaking: Igor Sergeevich Tikhonov, Chairman of the Historical and Patriotic Association "Bagration", Mikhail Lavrenovich Chausov, Department of Military Memorial Work of the Rosvoentsentr, Yulia Vasilievna Khitrovo, descendant of M.I. Kutuzov, Georgy Vladimirovich Lyapishev, descendant of non-commissioned officer Vasily Ivanovich Lyapishev, abbot Daniil, dean of the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, Alexander Viktorovich Gorbunov, deputy director for scientific work of the Borodino Field museum-reserve, Alexander Rafailovich Illarionov, sculptor, author of a memorial sign on the site of the estate Davydov, Archpriest Pavel Kartashov, rector of the Transfiguration Church in Bolshie Vyazemy, descendant of Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, Alexander Yulievich Bondarenko, author of the book “Denis Davydov” from the “ZhZL” series.

Photos about the holiday will be taken by a photographer Andrey Kartavenko.

We are waiting for journalists who value the history of Russia and the Borodino field.

Accreditation from 10.00 September 25, 2013 – press center of the Borodino Field museum-reserve.

Prince, outstanding Russian commander, infantry general (1809), hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich was born in the city (Tersk region) into the family of a colonel in the Russian army, a representative of one of the younger branches of the Georgian royal family of the Bagratids.

P.I. Bagration was enlisted for military service on May 1, 1783 as a private in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment. In the same year he received the rank of ensign. For about twelve years he held adjutant positions with prominent military leaders. P.I. Bagration served in the Caucasus and took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791. For his bravery during the storming of the Turkish fortress of Ochakov (1788), he was promoted from second lieutenant to captain. During the Polish campaign of 1794-1795, P. I. Bagration distinguished himself during the capture of Prague (a suburb of Warsaw), attracting attention. On February 4, 1799, P.I. Bagration was promoted to major general.

In 1799-1800, the commander took part in the Italian and Swiss campaigns and successfully commanded the vanguard of the Russian army. This cemented his reputation as a favorite student. Bagration confirmed his military skill in the 1805 campaign against the French in the battle of Shengraben, where the Russian rearguard led by him repulsed all attacks and delayed the advance of a superior enemy, and then broke through and united with the main forces. For this feat he received the rank of lieutenant general and was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. In the unsuccessful Battle of Austerlitz for the Russians, a column of Russian troops under the command of P.I. Bagration was able to break through the enemy ranks with minimal losses and break away from the pursuit of Napoleonic troops.

In the campaigns of 1806-1807 he commanded the Fourth Division and the main vanguard, took part in all the major military engagements with the French, and distinguished himself at Preussisch-Eylau and Friedland. During the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809, P.I. Bagration commanded 21 divisions that cleared the southern coast of Finland from the Swedes; in the spring of 1809, his division crossed the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia and occupied the Åland Islands. For this, the military leader was promoted to infantry general. During the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-1812, from July 1809 to March 1810, he commanded the Moldavian army. Under his leadership, Russian troops captured a number of fortresses on the Danube and were able to inflict defeats on the Turks at Rassevat and Tataritsa.

From August 1811, Bagration took over as commander of the Podolsk Army, and from March 1812, the Second Western Army, which covered the strategic direction from the western borders to the Central Army. This appointment took place despite the emperor's personal dislike of the general.

During Napoleon's invasion of the territory, having received an order not to engage in a clash with superior enemy forces, P.I. Bagration, with a skillful maneuver, brought the battles out from under the blow of superior enemy forces and after the battles near Mir and, using the inconsistency of the actions of the French military leaders, was able to break away from persecution and unite with the First Western Army under During this period, a group of generals and officers, relying on the popularity of P. I. Bagration in the troops and his fame as Suvorov’s associate, began to use his name in the fight against his retreat tactics, nominating Bagration for the post a single commander in chief. But before arriving, despite differences in views on methods of waging war, Bagration was forced to obey.

In the Battle of Borodino, the troops of P.I. Bagration defended the left flank of the Russian positions, and at the beginning of the battle took on the main blow of superior forces. Bagration personally led his units in counterattacks, in one of which he received a serious wound from a grenade fragment in the tibia of his left leg and was taken from the battlefield first to, and then to the village of Sima, Yuryev-Polsky district, Vladimir province, the estate of the Golitsyn princes.

P.I. Bagration died from his wounds on September 12 (24), 1812. Initially he was buried at the village church. In 1839, his ashes were reburied on the Borodino field.

P.I. Bagration belonged to the commanders of the Suvorov school. As a military leader, he was distinguished by his ability to quickly navigate a difficult combat situation, courage and unexpectedness of decisions, and persistence in their implementation. He showed special concern for the soldiers, their health and life. He was extremely popular in the army and in Russian society.

BAGRATION Pyotr Ivanovich, infantry general (1809), prince.

From the Georgian royal family of Bagrationi, brother of R.I. Bagration. He began military service in 1782, and until 1783 he studied at the school for chief and non-commissioned officer children (Kizlyar). In 1783-1792 he served in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment, which was then transformed into the Caucasian Musketeer Regiment, successively passing through all levels of military service from sergeant to captain, and was promoted to this rank in May 1790.

He gained his first combat experience in 1783 in a military expedition on the territory of Chechnya against the rebel highlanders of Sheikh Mansur, and subsequently was repeatedly in skirmishes with the highlanders. He took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787 -1791, distinguished himself during the siege and assault of Ochakov. In 1792 and 1794, being a major in the Kyiv Horse Regiment, he was in Poland and distinguished himself in the battles of Sedlice, Brody, and the storming of Prague. From June 1795 - commander of the 1st battalion of the Livonia Jaeger Corps. In 1797 - commander of the 7th Jaeger Regiment. In 1798 he was promoted to colonel, and from 1799 - chief of the regiment.

In the Italian and Swiss campaigns, Field Marshal A.V. Suvorov 1799, with the rank of major general, commanded the vanguard of the allied army, and showed himself especially clearly in the battles on the p. Adda and Trebbia, at Novi, at St. Gotthard and at Glaruss. In June 1800 he was appointed chief of the Life Guards. Jaeger battalion.

An active participant in the Russian-Austro-French War of 1805. When the army committed M.I. Kutuzov Ulm-Olmut march maneuver, led its rearguard. His troops conducted a number of successful battles, ensuring the systematic retreat of the main forces, and especially distinguished themselves in the battle of Shengraben, where a detachment of 6,000 people. managed to repel all attacks from Marshal Murat's five-fold superior corps and break through to the main forces. In the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, he commanded the troops of the right wing of the allied army, which staunchly repelled the onslaught of the French, and then formed a rearguard and covered the retreat of the main forces.

During the Russian-Prussian-French War of 1806 -1807, commanding the rearguard of the army, he distinguished himself in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau, and participated in the battles of Gutstadt, Ankendorf and Friedland. In the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809, he commanded the 21st Infantry Division and, operating in Southern Finland, cleared the coast from Abo to Vasa of Swedes, and defeated the Swedes at Björneborg. to the Commander-in-Chief, General Klingspor. He led the Åland expedition of 1809, during which his troops, having crossed the Gulf of Bothnia across the ice, occupied the Åland Islands, reached the shores of Sweden and forced the Swedes to make peace.

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-1812 - commander-in-chief of the Moldavian (Danube) army, led its military operations on the left bank of the Danube. His troops captured the fortresses of Machin, Kyustendzhi, as well as Girsovo, and defeated 12 thousand people at Rassevat. body tour troops, inflicted a major defeat on the avenue near Tataritsa.

From Jan. 1811 - Commander-in-Chief of the Podolsk Army (from March 1812 - 2nd Western Army). Anticipating the possibility of Napoleon I's invasion of Russia, he put forward a plan for advance preparation to repel aggression. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, with a skillful maneuver, he led army troops from Volkovysk to Smolensk to join the 1st Western Army. M.B. Barclay de Tolly, which made it possible to thwart the plans of Napoleon I to defeat the Russian armies separately in the border zone. During the maneuver, B.'s troops fought fierce battles near Mir, Romanov and Saltanovka.

During the Battle of Smolensk, the troops of the 2nd Western Army successfully repelled the enemy onslaught. He considered the surrender of Smolensk a mistake. In the Battle of Borodino in 1812 he commanded the left wing of the Russian troops. In this battle he was mortally wounded. In 1839, on the initiative of the partisan poet D.V. Davydov’s ashes of the general were buried at Kurgan Heights at the foot of the monument to the heroes of Borodin. In 1932 the grave was destroyed, and in 1987 it was restored.

Awarded the following orders: Russian - St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Vladimir 1st, 2nd class. and 4th Art. with a bow, St. Alexander Nevsky and diamond signs to the order, St. Anne 1st class., St. John of Jerusalem, St. George 2nd class.; foreign: Austrian - Maria Theresa 2nd class, Prussian - Black Eagle and Red Eagle, Sardinian - St. Mauritius and Lazarus 1st class; a cross for Ochakov, a golden weapon “For bravery.”

Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich, whose brief biography will not cover all the important events that happened in his life, was an outstanding person. He will forever be remembered in history as a talented commander. Descendant of the Georgian royal house.

Childhood

Peter Bagration, whose biography (with photo of the monument) is in this article, was born on November 11, 1765 in the North Caucasus, in the city of Kizlyar. He came from a noble and ancient family of Georgian princes. The boy was the great-grandson of the Kartalian king Jesse Levanovich. Peter's father, Prince Ivan Alexandrovich, was a Russian colonel and owned a small plot of land in the vicinity of Kizlyar. In 1796 he died in poverty.

Enrollment

Their family was not rich, despite the title of nobility and royal kinship. There was only enough money to provide the bare necessities, but there was no money left for clothes. Therefore, when Peter was summoned to St. Petersburg, young Bagration did not have “decent” clothes.

To meet Potemkin, he had to borrow the butler's caftan. Despite his clothes, Peter, when meeting with the prince of Taurida, behaved confidently, without timidity, although modestly. Potemkin liked the young man, and the order was given to enlist him in the Caucasian musketeer regiment as a sergeant.

Service

In February 1782, Peter Bagration, photographs of whose portraits are in this article, arrived at the regiment, which was located in a small fortress in the Caucasian foothills. Combat training began from the first day. In the very first battle with the Chechens, Peter distinguished himself and received the rank of ensign as a reward.

He served in the musketeer regiment for ten years. Over the years, he passed through all military ranks to captain. He repeatedly received combat honors for clashes with highlanders. Peter was respected for his fearlessness and courage not only by his friends, but also by his enemies. Such popularity once saved Bagration’s life.

In one of the skirmishes, Peter was seriously wounded and left in a deep faint on the battlefield among dead bodies. His enemies found him, recognized him and not only spared him, but also bandaged his wounds. Then they were carefully taken to the regimental camp, without even asking for a ransom. For his distinction in battle, Peter received the rank of second major.

During his ten years of service in the musketeer regiment, Bagration participated in campaigns against Sheikh Mansur (false prophet). In 1786, Pyotr Ivanovich fought with the Circassians under the command of Suvorov across the river. Labou. In 1788, during the Turkish War, Bagration, as part of the Yekaterinoslav army, took part in the siege and then in the assault on Ochakov. In 1790 he continued military operations in the Caucasus. This time he opposed the highlanders and the Turks.

Military career

In November 1703, Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich, whose short biography cannot contain all the interesting facts from his life, became prime major. He received a transfer to the Kiev Carabinieri Regiment as a squadron commander. In 1794, Pyotr Ivanovich was sent to the Sofia military unit, where he received a division under his command. Bagration went through the entire Polish campaign with Suvorov and at the end received the rank of lieutenant colonel.

The exploits of Bagration

The biography of Peter Bagration is full of many exploits that have gone down in history. For example, one of them was committed near the town of Brody. A Polish military detachment (1000 foot soldiers and one gun) was located in a dense forest, in what they were sure was an inaccessible position.

Bagration, distinguished by his courage since childhood, rushed at the enemy first and cut into the enemy ranks. The Poles did not expect an attack, and Pyotr Ivanovich’s attack came as a complete surprise to them. Thanks to the tactics of surprise, Bagration and his soldiers managed to kill 300 people, and take another 200 prisoners along with the commander of the detachment. At the same time, the carabinieri grabbed the enemy’s banner and gun.

Another memorable feat occurred before Suvorov’s eyes. This happened in October 1794, when Prague was stormed. Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich, whose photo is in this article, noticed that the Polish cavalry was going to attack the Russian assault columns during a fierce battle.

The commander waited for the moment when the enemies began to move. Then Bagration, making a swift throw to the flank with his soldiers, threw the Poles back to the Vistula River. Suvorov personally thanked Pyotr Ivanovich, and since then he became his favorite.

Receiving the rank of general

In 1798, Bagration received the rank of colonel and was appointed to command the sixth Jaeger Regiment. He stood in the Grodno province, in the city of Volkovysk. Emperor Paul ordered all military reports to be delivered to him. Any deviation from orders entailed removal from service.

Many regiments were “cleansed.” It did not affect anyone only in the military unit of Bagration. Two years later, for the excellent condition of his regiment, the commander was promoted to the rank of “general”. Peter Bagration, whose biography did not turn away from the military path, continued to serve in a new capacity.

March to glory with Suvorov

In 1799, he and his regiment came under the command of Suvorov. The latter, when Bagration’s surname was announced, in front of the entire hall, joyfully hugged and kissed Pyotr Ivanovich. The next day, the generals led the soldiers in a surprise attack to Cavriano. The two great military leaders continued their rise to glory and greatness.

Suvorov sent a letter to the emperor in which he praised the courage, zeal and zeal of Bagration, which he showed during the capture of the Breshno fortress. As a result, Paul I granted Peter Ivanovich a Knight of the Order of St. Anne, first class. Later, for the battle of Lecco, Bagration was awarded the Commander's Order of St. John of Jerusalem. So Pyotr Ivanovich received the Maltese Cross among his awards.

For the defeat of the French at Marengo he received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. After the victory at Trebia, the emperor granted the village of Sima as a gift to Peter Ivanovich. It was located in the Vladimir province, in the Aleksandrovsky district. There were 300 peasant souls in the village. Bagration became one of the youngest generals to have high insignia.

Feat near Shengraben

In 1805, Pyotr Ivanovich accomplished another feat. This happened near Shengraben. The enemy troops seemed certain to win, but Bagration with 6,000 soldiers came out against a 30,000-strong army. As a result, he not only won, but also brought prisoners, among whom were one colonel, two junior officers and 50 soldiers. At the same time, Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration also grabbed the French banner. For this feat, the great commander was awarded the Order of St. George, second degree.

Military talent

Pyotr Ivanovich was able to prove his military talent during his service. Bagration distinguished himself in the battles of Friedland and Preussisch-Eylau. Napoleon spoke of Pyotr Ivanovich as the best Russian general of that time. During the Russian-Swedish war, Bagration led a division, then a corps. He led the Åland expedition and went with his troops to the Swedish shores.

Tsar's disfavor

Glory and imperial favor increasingly increased the circle of envious people of Pyotr Ivanovich. Ill-wishers tried to make Bagration, while he was on campaigns, a “fool” before the tsar. When in 1809 Pyotr Ivanovich commanded troops on the Danube (already with the rank of infantry general), envious people were able to convince the sovereign of the commander’s inability to fight. And they achieved that Bagration was replaced by Alexander I with Count Kamensky.

Patriotic War

After the Russian-Turkish War, for which Peter Ivanovich was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, he became the commander-in-chief of the Second Western Army, consisting of 45,000 soldiers and 216 guns. When it became clear that war with Napoleon was inevitable, Bagration showed the emperor a plan of attack.

But since Barclay de Tolly received preference, the Western armies began to retreat. Napoleon decided to first destroy the weak army, commanded by Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich (1812). To carry out this plan, he sent his brother from the front, and Marshal Davout to cross him. But he could not overpower Bagration; he fought his way through enemy barriers near Mir, defeating the foot troops of the Westphalian king, and his cavalry near Romanov.

Davout managed to block Pyotr Ivanovich’s path to Mogilev, and Bagration was forced to go to New Bykov. In July he joined forces with Barclay. A tough battle took place for Smolensk. Bagration, despite the fact that he was supposed to conduct offensive tactics, still deviated a little to the side. With this strategy, Peter Ivanovich saved his army from unnecessary losses.

After the troops of Bagration and Barclay united, the commanders were unable to develop common battle tactics. Their opinions differed greatly, disagreements reached the highest limits. Pyotr Ivanovich proposed to fight Napoleon’s army, and Barclay was sure that luring the enemy deep into the country was the best solution.

Bagration's last - Battle of Borodino

General Pyotr Bagration participated in the Battle of Borodino, which was the last in his military career. Pyotr Ivanovich had to defend the weakest part of the position. Behind Bagration stood Neverovsky's division. During a fierce battle, Pyotr Ivanovich was seriously wounded, but did not want to leave the battlefield, and continued to command while under enemy fire.

But Bagration was losing more and more blood, as a result, weakness began to worsen and Pyotr Ivanovich was carried away from the battlefield and sent to a Moscow hospital. Rumors about Bagration's injury quickly spread among the soldiers. Some even claimed that he had died.

These messages led the soldiers to despair, and confusion began in the army. Bagration's place was taken by Konovitsyn. He, seeing the reaction of the soldiers and the loss of morale, decided not to risk it and withdrew the army beyond the Semenovsky ravine.

Death of a great commander

First, in the hospital, General Pyotr Bagration, whose biography (a photo of the monument to the commander is in this article) whose biography, it seemed, could continue, felt better. Initial treatment was successful. Then Bagration went to recover from his wounds at his friend’s estate. It was autumn, the weather was disgusting, the road was very bad.

All this, and even Bagration’s decadent mood, had a negative impact on his health. Pyotr Ivanovich developed a life-threatening complication of his illness. On September 21, Bagration underwent surgery to expand the vein. At the same time, doctors removed bone fragments, rotting flesh and parts of the core from the inflamed wound. This surgical intervention did not help, and the next day Bagration was diagnosed with gangrene.

Doctors suggested that the prince's leg be amputated, but this angered the commander, and his condition worsened even further. As a result, Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich, whose biography is full of victories, died of gangrene in September 1812. The commander was first buried in the village of Sim, inside the local temple. His body lay there until July 1830.

The commander turned out to be forgotten due to the absence of his wife, who went to live in Vienna back in 1809. Bagration was remembered only 27 years later, after the accession to the throne of Nicholas I. He loved history and personally studied all the events of the Patriotic War. As a result, works about this era began to appear and the heroes were finally given their due.

Nicholas I ordered the ashes of the great commander to be delivered to the foot of the monument to the Lead Crypt, in which Peter Bagration rested, and was transferred to a new coffin. Then a memorial service and liturgy took place, which was attended by a sea of ​​people who came from different places. A large funeral table was set in the garden.

Many nobles and officers gathered. People walked day and night, in a continuous stream, to honor the memory of the great commander. The body of Pyotr Ivanovich was accompanied by an honorary escort in a richly decorated chariot to its destination. The procession was very solemn. The people themselves asked permission to pull the chariot. The clergy walked ahead of her, and the Kiev Hussar Regiment behind.

Trumpeters played a funeral march along the entire length of the route. The procession ended at the borders of the village. Then the horses were harnessed to the chariot, and then the procession continued in solemn silence. Despite the scorching sun, people followed Bagration’s coffin for 20 versts. So, finally, with truly royal honors, the ashes of Peter Ivanovich were delivered to the Borodino field.

Later, Emperor Alexander III once again immortalized the memory of the hero: the 104th Ustyuzhensky Infantry Regiment was named in honor of Bagration. In 1932, his grave was destroyed and his remains were scattered. Between 1985 and 1987 the monument was restored again.

Among the debris next to the former monument, fragments of the bones of Pyotr Ivanovich were found. In August 1987 they were reburied. Now Bagration’s crypt is in place. The found buttons and fragments of the hero’s uniform are exhibited as exhibits in the Borodino Military History Museum.

Bagration Petr Ivanovich: interesting facts about his lifestyle

He was similar to Suvorov. Bagration slept only 3-4 hours a day, was unpretentious and simple. Any soldier could wake him up without any ceremony. On campaigns, Pyotr Ivanovich only changed clothes. He always slept dressed, in his general's uniform. Bagration did not part with his sword and whip even in his sleep. Of his 30 years of service, Pyotr Ivanovich spent 23 years on military campaigns.

Character of Bagration

Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich, whose biography was closely connected with the war, nevertheless had a meek disposition. The commander shone with a flexible and subtle mind, anger was alien to him, he was always ready for reconciliation. These qualities were surprisingly combined with a decisive character. Bagration did not hold a grudge against people, and never forgot good deeds.

In communication, Pyotr Ivanovich was always friendly and polite, respected his subordinates, appreciated and rejoiced at their successes. Bagration, although he had considerable power, never showed it. He tried to communicate with people like a human being, for which soldiers and officers simply idolized him. They all considered it an honor to serve under his command.

Despite the lack of a good education, which, due to their extreme poverty, his parents were unable to give their son, Pyotr Ivanovich had natural talent and a good upbringing. He received all the knowledge throughout his life, and especially loved military science. The great commander was fearless and brave in battle, never lost heart, and treated dangers with indifference.

Bagration was Suvorov’s favorite student, so he knew how to quickly navigate a combat situation and make the right and unexpected decisions. Repeatedly they saved not individual lives, but the troops as a whole.

Personal life

Among the favorites of Emperor Paul the First was Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich. It is impossible to tell briefly about his personal life. It was the emperor who helped him marry his beloved. Pyotr Ivanovich had long been in love with the court beauty, Countess Skavronskaya. But Bagration diligently hid his ardent feelings from society. Moreover, Pyotr Ivanovich was also restrained by the beauty’s coldness towards him.

The emperor learned about Bagration's feelings and decided to repay his faithful commander with mercy. The Emperor ordered the Count and his daughter to arrive at the palace church. Moreover, the beauty was supposed to arrive in a wedding dress. At the same time, Peter Bagration received an order to appear at the church in full dress uniform. There, on September 2, 1800, the young people were married.

But the proud beauty still remained cold towards Bagration. Then the emperor appointed him commander. The Emperor hoped that the countess’s heart would finally melt. But her love had long been given to another person. The story of Bagration and his wife did not end there.

In 1805 she went to live in Europe, in Vienna. She led a free life and no longer lived with her husband. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration begged his wife to return, but she remained abroad, allegedly for treatment. In Europe, the princess enjoyed tremendous success. She was known at the court of many countries.

In 1810 she gave birth to a girl, presumably from the Chancellor of Austria, Prince Metternich. In 1830, the princess remarried. This time for an Englishman. But their marriage soon broke up, and the princess again took the name Bagration. She never returned to Russia. Despite everything, Peter Bagration loved his wife very much until his death. Before his death, he managed to order her portrait from the artist Volkov. The couple had no children.

There was talk in high society that the sovereign's sister, Princess Ekaterina Pavlovna, was in love with Bagration. This caused great irritation in the emperor's family. According to some reports, Bagration was not given a break from the war precisely because Ekaterina Pavlovna fell in love with him. Emperor Alexander the First decided to remove Peter Ivanovich from her eyes and keep him away from the princess. Peter Bagration fell into such disgrace shortly before his death.

(1765–12(24).09.1812) 2 – prince, general of the infantry. Born in the city of Kizlyar, Astrakhan province, into the family of a colonel who came from the ancient Georgian princely family of Bagrationi. In 1782–1783 he studied at the Kizlyar School for staff and chief officers' children.

In 1783–1794 served in the Caucasian Musketeer Regiment, then in the Kiev Horse-Jager and Sofia Carabineer Regiments in the ranks from sergeant to lieutenant colonel.

Participating in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787–1791. and the Polish campaign of 1793–1794, earned himself the reputation of a military officer, was wounded more than once, especially distinguished himself during the assault, and earned the praise of himself with a bold attack near Warsaw. In 1799, with the rank of major general, he participated in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov. Together with him, he led Russian troops through the Alps, stormed the fortress of Brescia, the cities of Bergamo and Lecco, commanded forward detachments and distinguished himself in all major battles: on the Adda, Tidona and Trebbia rivers, at Novi, at the St. Gotthard Pass in the Alps, at the Devil's Bridge . During the war with France 1805–1807. Bagration led the rearguard of the Russian army.

He distinguished himself in the battles of Austerlitz, Schöngraben, Preussisch-Eylau, Heilsberg and Friedland. During the Russian-Swedish war of 1808–1809. commanded a division, crossed the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia and occupied the Åland Islands. For these actions he was awarded the rank of infantry general. He took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806–1812. During successful battles, Russian troops under his command captured several fortresses on the left bank of the Danube, defeated the 12,000-strong corps of the best Turkish troops near Rassevat, and also inflicted a major defeat on the Turks near Tataritsa.

In 1809–1810 appointed commander-in-chief of the Moldavian army. From August 1811 he was commander of the Podolsk Army in Ukraine, and from March 1812 he was confirmed in the rank of commander-in-chief of the 2nd Western Army. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Bagration, with a skillful maneuver, withdrew his army from Volkovysk from the blow of superior enemy forces and near Smolensk united with the 1st Western Army of M. B. Barclay de Tolly.

Inflicted major losses on French troops in heavy battles near Mir, Romanov and Saltanovka. After the unification of the Russian armies near Smolensk, Bagration advocated decisive action against the enemy, criticized the retreat strategy of Barclay de Tolly, accusing him of 22 Dates of birth and death (in biographical articles), historical events are indicated in two styles - old and (in brackets) new. The absence of dates for two styles means that the sources have a date for only one style. If several dates of birth are given in the literature, they are indicated in square brackets.6 cowardice and treason. He had a negative attitude towards the appointment of M.I. Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of the Russian armies.

During the Battle of Smolensk, troops of the 2nd Western Army successfully repelled enemy attacks. But Smolensk had to be surrendered, since the number of Napoleon’s troops outnumbered the two Russian armies. Both Bagration and Barclay de Tolly, together with their troops, began to retreat to Moscow. In the Battle of Borodino, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian army and directly supervised the defense of the Semenov flashes, later called Bagration.

It was on the flushes that Napoleon's main attack was directed - 45 thousand soldiers, 400 guns - twice as many forces as Bagration. Russian troops repulsed seven attacks. During the eighth attack on flushes, Bagration gave the order to launch a counterattack and took part in it himself. During an intense battle, Prince Bagration was seriously wounded in the leg by a fragment of an exploding cannonball.

Unmounted and bleeding, he continued to lead his troops until he lost consciousness. The wound turned out to be fatal. Bagration died three weeks later from gangrene in the village of Sima, Vladimir province, where he was buried. In 1839, in honor of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon, on the initiative of his former adjutant D.V. Davydov, Bagration’s ashes were transferred to the Borodino field and buried in the land whose honor he defended. In 1932, Bagration's grave was destroyed. It was restored to its original form in 1987. Bagration’s military leadership brought him wide popularity.

Possessing a remarkable mind, enormous willpower, energy and determination, courage in battle, and courageous character, Bagration was respected by many prominent military figures and ordinary soldiers. “He is the God of the army” - that’s what the Russian army called him. Napoleon considered Bagration the best general in the Russian army. The following were named in honor of Bagration: the city of Bagrationovsk (since 1946) in the Kaliningrad region, a small planet (1973), a local history museum in the city of Kizlyar, and the Volkovysk Military History Museum. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. the operation to liberate Belarus in 1944 was called “Bagration”.

In Moscow, a passage (1956), the Bagrationovskaya metro station (1961) and a pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River (1999) are named after Bagration; a monument to the commander was opened on Kutuzovsky Prospekt (1999, sculptor M.K. Merabishvili, architect B.I. Tkhor ). A monument to Bagration was also erected in Tbilisi (1984, sculptor M.K. Merabishvili, architect N. Mgaloblishvili). Since 1990, the State Borodino Military Historical Museum-Reserve has been holding Bagrationov readings.

The Day of Remembrance of the commander Peter Ivanovich Bagration takes place every year on September 25 on the Borodino field.7 Bagration's awards: Sardinian Order of Mauritius and Lazarus, 1st class (1799) Austrian Military Order of Maria Theresa, 2nd class (1799) Order of St. John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross) ) (1799) Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1799) Order of St. Anna, 1st class (1799) Order of St. George, 2nd class (1806) Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (1807) Prussian Order of the Black Eagle (1807) Golden sword with diamonds " For bravery" (1807) Order of St. Vladimir, 1st degree (1808) Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called (1809)

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