Scientists' opinions about the future. Russian scientists, engineers and travelers. Mendeleev and mediums

Aristotle (384–322 BC)

Aristotle is an ancient Greek scientist, encyclopedist, philosopher and logician, founder of classical (formal) logic. Considered one of the greatest geniuses in history and the most influential philosopher of antiquity. He made a huge contribution to the development of logic and natural sciences, especially astronomy, physics and biology. Although many of his scientific theories were refuted, they greatly contributed to the search for new hypotheses to explain them.

Archimedes (287–212 BC)

Archimedes was an ancient Greek mathematician, inventor, astronomer, physicist and engineer. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of all time and one of the leading scientists of the classical period of antiquity. His contributions to the field of physics include the fundamental principles of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of lever action. He is credited with inventing innovative machinery, including siege engines and the screw pump named after him. Archimedes also invented the spiral that bears his name, formulas for calculating the volumes of surfaces of revolution, and an original system for expressing very large numbers.

Galileo (1564–1642)

In eighth place in the ranking of the greatest scientists in the history of the world is Galileo, an Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher. He has been called the "father of observational astronomy" and the "father of modern physics". Galileo was the first to use a telescope to observe celestial bodies. Thanks to this, he made a number of outstanding astronomical discoveries, such as the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, sunspots, the rotation of the Sun, and also established that Venus changes phases. He also invented the first thermometer (without a scale) and proportional compass.

Michael Faraday (1791–1867)

Michael Faraday was an English physicist and chemist, primarily known for the discovery of electromagnetic induction. Faraday also discovered the chemical effect of current, diamagnetism, the effect of a magnetic field on light, and the laws of electrolysis. He also invented the first, albeit primitive, electric motor, and the first transformer. He introduced the terms cathode, anode, ion, electrolyte, diamagnetism, dielectric, paramagnetism, etc. In 1824 he discovered the chemical elements benzene and isobutylene. Some historians consider Michael Faraday to be the best experimentalist in the history of science.

Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931)

Thomas Alva Edison is an American inventor and businessman, founder of the prestigious scientific magazine Science. Considered one of the most prolific inventors of his time, with a record number of patents issued to his name - 1,093 in the United States and 1,239 in other countries. Among his inventions are the creation in 1879 of an electric incandescent lamp, a system for distributing electricity to consumers, a phonograph, improvements in the telegraph, telephone, film equipment, etc.

Marie Curie (1867–1934)

Marie Skłodowska-Curie - French physicist and chemist, teacher, public figure, pioneer in the field of radiology. The only woman to win a Nobel Prize in two different fields of science - physics and chemistry. The first woman professor to teach at the Sorbonne University. Her achievements include the development of the theory of radioactivity, methods for separating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new chemical elements, radium and polonium. Marie Curie is one of the inventors who died from their inventions.

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)

Louis Pasteur - French chemist and biologist, one of the founders of microbiology and immunology. He discovered the microbiological essence of fermentation and many human diseases. Initiated a new department of chemistry - stereochemistry. Pasteur's most important achievement is considered to be his work on bacteriology and virology, which resulted in the creation of the first vaccines against rabies and anthrax. His name is widely known thanks to the pasteurization technology he created and later named after him. All of Pasteur's works became a striking example of the combination of fundamental and applied research in the fields of chemistry, anatomy and physics.

Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727)

Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, historian, biblical scholar and alchemist. He is the discoverer of the laws of motion. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, laid the foundations of classical mechanics, formulated the principle of conservation of momentum, laid the foundations of modern physical optics, built the first reflecting telescope and developed the theory of color, formulated the empirical law of heat transfer, constructed the theory of the speed of sound, proclaimed the theory of the origin of stars and many other mathematical and physical theories. Newton was also the first to describe the phenomenon of tides mathematically.

Albert Einstein (1879–1955)

Second place in the list of the greatest scientists in the history of the world is occupied by Albert Einstein - a German physicist of Jewish origin, one of the greatest theoretical physicists of the twentieth century, the creator of the general and special theories of relativity, discovered the law of the relationship between mass and energy, as well as many other significant physical theories. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Author of more than 300 scientific papers on physics and 150 books and articles in the field of history, philosophy, journalism, etc.

Nikola Tesla (1856–1943)

Many people want to know the future of the world. In the modern world, where information is the most important and expensive resource, there is knowledge that remains invaluable - this is knowledge about the future of all humanity or its individual parts. Of course, there are no guarantees that the information received from the prophets is reliable, but we have no other, and the only way to verify the reliability of this data is the previous successful predictions of this person. Fortunately, there are quite a lot of such people, so from their words we can at least roughly predict the near future of the world.

Jean Dixon (Pythia)

Throughout her life, Jean Dixon repeatedly showed herself to be a reliable predictor, as a result of which her words were trusted by the highest officials of the United States and other countries of the world. She predicted that at the beginning of the 21st century there will be a fairly large number of different natural disasters, entailing various global disasters, but Russia will suffer the least from them, and this is especially true for Siberia. Thus, the country will have the opportunity for extremely powerful and rapid development. The hope of the world, as well as its revival, will come from Russia, and there will be no connection between this and communism. It is in Russia that the most genuine and great source of world freedom will appear.

Zarathustra

Zarathustra represents a well-known prophet who lived before our era. He predicted the future of the world and Russia in such a way that the era of the intertwining of Evil and Good will completely end in 2003, after which the Russian Empire will enter the era of the undivided rule of Good, which will end with a complete victory over Evil. In this regard, Evil represents, although a necessary, but still a temporary stage in the development of Russia and the world, but after a certain time, Evil will be completely exterminated.

Paracelsus

Paracelsus imagined the future of the world as follows: there is a people that the great Herodotus called the Hyperboreans, but today they are usually called Muscovy. Do not under any circumstances trust the terrible decline of this people, even if it continues for several centuries, because then they will know a huge prosperity. In this country, which no one even perceived as a country where something truly great could happen, the Great Cross will appear over the rejected and humiliated people.

Alice Bailey

During her lifetime, she wrote quite a lot about Russia, as well as about how the global future of the world will unfold. In particular, she said that the main task of Russia was born and constantly nurtured by progressive idealists, regardless of which particular regime was in power, and when all the deadlines were fully realized, it would be defined in all its power and glory, bringing benefit to the whole world . The spiritual motto of this people is “Uniting two ways”, because its main task is to form a close connection between the West and the East.

On a global scale, Russia represents a kind of student who is learning a new consciousness, as well as a unique inner understanding of life. After this inner training is completed in Russia, it will surpass other countries by an order of magnitude, transferring esoteric achievements to other peoples using new methods, without trying to impose or use violence.

However, Russia is not yet mature for this; it is too young from a spiritual point of view in order to fulfill the great mission entrusted to it. Old and mature nations have little opportunity to express themselves in the life of new centuries, because they are too fixated on the old world and cannot normally perceive the new one.

Russia, as a result of a number of different upheavals, is constantly becoming a new nation, which needs to create from scratch its way of life, morals, worldview, as well as its own way of relationships with other nations. The Russian people are growing and consolidating quite quickly, so they will soon show what they can provide to other countries of the world.

The revelation that Russia will provide to the rest of the world is brotherhood, for this great nation will represent a synthesis of West and East. But she must learn to control people without cruelty, excluding the suppression of the free will of each person.

John of Jerusalem

John of Jerusalem predicted the future of the world this way: people will change their perception of the world, they will open their eyes in the new millennium. They will no longer be chained in their own heads and cities, they will be able to see from any distance and they will understand each other without hindrance.

They will understand that if a certain thing causes pain to someone, then it will cause pain to another. People will turn into one big being, and each of them will be a tiny part of it. Together they will represent the heart of a given being, using a single language used by all. This is how glorious humanity will emerge.

The millennium that follows this will be an era of illumination - this is exactly how John of Jerusalem predicted the future of our world. People will always love each other, share among themselves, and if someone dreams, then his dreams will definitely come true. Thus, a person will have his rebirth. First of all, the mass of people will be based on a spiritual principle that unites people into brotherhood, representing an era of new strength of faith. Days of ignorance will be followed by days of rejoicing, and man will again be able to find the righteous path.

Roads will appear connecting one end of the sky and Earth to the other, the forests will again be filled with dense trees, and the desert will be irrigated with clean water. The earth will turn into a huge garden in which man will take care of every living creature, and he will be able to cleanse everything that he has polluted for a long time. Everyone will begin to understand that the Earth is their home, and will always have a sound mind about tomorrow.

Predictions of the future of Russia and the world look in such a way that a person will know absolutely everything on Earth, and first of all, he will understand his body. Diseases will be completely cured even before they appear, and everyone will try to heal not only themselves, but also other people. After long days of greed and secrecy, man will completely open his own heart and wallet to the poor to begin a new era.

After a person learns to share and give his own, the bitter days of loneliness will disappear, because everyone will be able to believe in spirituality. However, to achieve this, humanity will have to go through a huge number of fires and wars. After they are burned, a new era will reign.

Matrona of Moscow

Matrona of Moscow is a blind woman who was recognized as a saint and at one time accurately predicted many events that happened in Rus'. Despite what other prophets said about the future of the world and Russia, she was the most accurate.

Literally a year before the Great Patriotic War began, she predicted its beginning and the death of a huge number of people, which would be the price of the victory of the Russian people. She knew that Russia would have to go through times of absolute unbelief, but at the same time she said that the Lord would not abandon this people, and subsequently better times would come. Matrona said that there would be very few believers, and the people would be under terrible hypnosis. Previously, people constantly visited churches and wore a cross, protecting their homes with lamps and images, but over time, life will become worse and worse. After a certain time you will be forced to choose between bread and the cross.

If in the future a people does not repent, then in any case they die and completely disappear from the face of the earth, but Russia has existed at all times and will continue to exist in the future. The main thing is to pray, ask and repent, and then the Lord will not leave you, preserving the holy land.

Seraphim of Sarov

Seraphim of Sarov said that there would be an execution of the entire royal family, a revolution and heavy wars that would take millions of lives, but great glory awaited Russia. The great prophets predicted the future of Russia and the future of the world in exactly the same way.

In 1903, it was decided to open the elder’s grave, as a result of which he was canonized. In accordance with his prophecy, exactly one hundred years after the “acquisition of his relics” occurs, the revival of Russia will begin. In our time, this era began in 2003.

The Lord will lead Russia through suffering to great glory, but this can only happen after all the people repent. The letter of this prophet says that God loves the Slavs because they always maintain their true faith in him, so they can receive God's great blessing by creating an omnipotent language and the most powerful kingdom on earth. In other words, over time, Russia will rapidly become a world leader.

Lavrenty Chernigovsky

He predicted the future of Russia and the future of the world as follows: Russia, as well as all Slavic peoples and lands, will become a powerful kingdom, while all heresies and schisms will completely disappear in Russia. The Lord will have mercy on Holy Rus' because everything terrible happened in it in the time before the Antichrist. A great regiment of martyrs and confessors will shine forth, who will beg the Lord God, and one must firmly know that Russia represents the lot of the Queen of Heaven, who takes care of her and especially intercedes.

Mavis

The famous Italian fortuneteller Mavis also predicted the future of Russia. The future of the world and Russia will be closely intertwined, but it is Russia that represents an extremely interesting country with an interesting future. Today, Russians are the most spiritual people, not only by origin, but also by purpose, therefore they will begin the rebirth of all humanity, creating new trends and teachings.

Up close, the procedure for the rebirth of the world is almost imperceptible, and only after a few centuries it will be possible to understand that it really took place. At the moment, the attitude towards life will begin to gradually change, as well as the people themselves, and first of all, the Russians will change. Over time, the people will develop a different mentality, and ultimately the spirituality of people will radically change, which will cause multiple changes, including even everyday ones.

It is worth noting that the financial future of the world will be somewhat ahead of Russia, but this will not last so long. A fundamental change in people's consciousness will cause significant changes in economic processes. Of course, money will not cease to be important, but the principles of the economy will become completely different. No one can even imagine how much things will change.

St. Petersburg will not be flooded, but it will be completely transformed, and it will no longer be possible to turn it into a second capital. Moscow will become smaller and quieter, but these changes will only be for the better, as life will become calmer, and much fewer people will strive to get into it. The province will need to come to life, because a large number of cities will appear on the periphery. Prophecies about the future of the world say that Russia will stop looking back at America, because its inhabitants will realize their own path and will understand that it is no worse.

Almost none of the current political figures will remain in power, and, despite the fact that Russia still has a very long way to go, it will be able to reach heights that no state can currently imagine. This will happen in the 21st century, that is, our children will already be able to see it. Russia should not look up to other countries, because it has a special future, and over time everyone will follow it.

Mavis on the future of humanity

To date, only one development path is known, but in fact there are more than a thousand of them. A completely new turning point in development has arrived, and previous paths are being replaced by new, as yet unknown ones. People’s worldview will simply change completely, and along with this their way of life will change. We should not think that something terrible awaits us in the near future, because humanity is not a small child that will need to be led by the hand. The confessional future of the world promises us only good changes.

There is a high probability of serious outbreaks of viral diseases completely unknown to our time in the southern regions, and political unrest will appear in Russia, but they are normal for it and will not have catastrophic consequences.

1. Creative task for the text “COLLECTOR BAKHRUSHIN”.

Tell us what you collect or would like to collect. Give your reasons. Who were or would be the first viewers of your collection?

Of course, collecting is a large-scale and amazing activity.

I collect miniature toy cars. I have a great passion for old American pickup trucks, New York taxis and police cars. The collection contains all sorts of exotic items. These include old fire trucks, an exclusive Jeepney and a couple of classic American Hot Rods. Jeepneys are very interesting cars. From military Willis they were converted into public transport. I like to look at my fleet, enjoy the look of the cars, and imagine myself driving each of them. Dream.

And for me it all started with a gift. My grandmother gave me a Volga 2102 taxi. I now keep this model especially carefully. Later I read about a unique car collection Hassanala Balkiah - Sultan of Brunei. It is considered one of the best private collections in the world. I was surprised by the obsession and at the same time competence of the Sultan in this matter. Its fleet contains more than 5,000 rare and very valuable exhibits.

I don’t know whether I can put together such a collection. But today there is something in it that you can be proud of. Will it become so huge and so valuable that it will be placed in a museum?! Doesn't matter to me. It is important that my parents - my first connoisseurs - support me, highly value my determination and desire to know as much as possible about cars. Add new models to my collection became a tradition for them. I really like this activity. I get great pleasure from this. This is probably the nature of man - he longs to possess something exceptional.

By the way, the collection does not stand still at all. From time to time, in one form or another, it travels to various events dedicated to automotive history. 241 words

2. Creative task for the text “AIVAZOVSKY IN FEODOSIA”.

Describe your favorite work of art, including a few facts about the artist's biography.

Having been born mortal, Aivazovsky certainly left an immortal memory of himself.

But I want to talk about the reproduction that hangs in my room.

The sky and moon move in a kind of wave-like rhythm.Huge stars surrounded by halos of flickering light create a feeling of movement in the bottomless depths of space. A crescent moon pulsates in the right corner of the picture.The trees depicted on it decorate the starry distance and balance the composition.Cypress trees stretch to the sky like tongues of flame. The dark color brings them down to earth somewhat. Bright spiral curls sweep across the sky, creating a unique image of the Galaxy. The Big Dipper flickers in the blue sky.

Vincent Van Gogh used bright yellow, green and blue colors that reveal themselves in the darkness of the night and combine with each other in amazing ways.

The unusual “Starry Night” was painted in the fall of 1889, when the artist was already seriously ill and was in a French hospital. To make the plot of the painting more complete and complete, Van Gogh often went out at night and painted a fabulous starry sky. But it increasingly pulled the master into a bottomless abyss. A year later, while going for a walk with drawing materials, the artist shot himself in the heart area with a revolver, which was purchased to scare away flocks of birds while working plein air.

The world-famous Dutch artist lived only 37 years, of which he devoted only the last seven to painting. Van Gogh, not recognized by his contemporaries, gained unprecedented popularity among his descendants. The canvases of his brush, a hundred years after their birth, became not only one of the most expensive works of modern art, but were finally appreciated by connoisseurs and connoisseurs of true masterpieces. Now his works adorn the collections of the most famous galleries and museums in the world. 251 words

3. Creative assignment for the text “The Feat of Miklouho-Maclay.”

Tell us about the great scientist who, like Miklouho-Maclay, thought about the future of the people.

In every era there is people who push the boundaries of the known. Their whole life is a search, serving science and the Motherland.

The 19th century was a time of geographical discoveries made by Russian explorers.

The first Russian circumnavigation of the world was undertaken in 1803 on the ships Nadezhda and Neva under the command of Ivan Kruzenshtern. The members of the expedition faced serious tasks. It was necessary to study the Pacific coast of the Far East in order to establish communications with the remote territories of the Russian Empire. Another important task of Krusenstern's expedition was the delivery of the Russian embassy to Japan.

The Nadezhda's route lay across the Atlantic, around America. During the voyage, astronomical and meteorological observations were carried out. Krusenstern He was the first to compile detailed maps of Sakhalin, Japan, and the southern coast of Nuku Hiva, discovered several straits between the Kuril Islands, and pioneered oceanological research. In addition, rich zoological and botanical collections, as well as ethnographic materials, were collected. Participants in the voyage first introduced scientists to two ancient “exotic” peoples - the Ainu (Hokkaido and Sakhalin) and the Nivkh (Sakhalin). Were compiled dictionaries, Chukchi and Ainu. Household items brought by the expedition replenished the collection of the Museum of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences.

It is known that during the voyage, when Russian sailors crossed the equator for the first time, a sailor dressed as the lord of the seas asked Krusenstern why he had come here with his ships. The expedition commander proudly replied: “For the glory of science and our fatherland!” 198 words

4. Creative task for the text “Lily of the Valley”.

Express your opinion on current environmental problems by including a commentary on the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Nature is an ever-changing cloud; never remaining the same, she always remains herself.”

According to scientists, humanity already lives today at the expense of future generations, wasting the capital of nature. Only an indifferent and inattentive person does not see the danger of the disappearance of beauty on earth.

Everything on the planet is interconnected and interdependent; man is inscribed in a complex natural structure. By wasting the earth's resources, he, in my opinion, jeopardizes his own existence. It is we, people, who are creating a world contaminated with radiation and dirt, in which we cannot be healthy. We destroy plants that produce oxygen and give us their fruits, feed the animals that we then eat. Oil and gas reserves, which provide warmth and light in our homes, are also not endless.

Apparently, carried away by the possibilities that technological progress has opened up for us, people were unable or unwilling to assess in time all the consequences of intervention in nature. They, like I. S. Turgenev’s hero Bazarov, go ahead, nature for them is a workshop, not a temple. But I hope we can fix everything by entering into a fruitful dialogue with her. While nature, like a thousand years ago, gives us a blossoming flower bud, the rustle of rain, the shine of the sun, the greenness of foliage, the serenity of valleys and fields, the slow flow of rivers and the mirror of lakes, the changeable love of freedom of the sea, we have time.

As the American poet and philosopher Ralph Emerson noted back in the 19th century: “Nature is an ever-changing cloud; never remaining the same, she always remains herself.” With the onset of each season, a new era, we observe its transformations, discover something new and unknown and regret what has been lost.Like life, it is united, unique and multifaceted. Nature conservation, as the famous writer L. Leonov rightly noted, is our “sacred cause.”

Take care of nature, people. 255 words

5. Creative task for the text “F.M. Dostoevsky"

F.M. Dostoevsky “loved to peer into people’s faces, figures, gait, and gestures.” Try to describe yourself: face, figure, gait, gestures, facial expressions, characteristic features, etc. Form your observations in the form of a portrait sketch.

I love and appreciate Dostoevsky very much. I never thought that this writer of the distant 19th century would turn out to be my contemporary, who guessed our time.

Fyodor Mikhailovich, I think, would be able to discern in me a friendly and harmless soul behind my worn jeans, a jacket with a hood, a colorful knitted hat and sneakers. I myself perceive myself as a combination of red, white, green, yellow, blue and black. Summer is my time of year. Freckles, blue eyes and always a cheerful look. I don’t fit in at all with the gloomy and often completely colorless weather of St. Petersburg. Dejection and lingering sadness are not my thing. I can’t sit in one place for a long time and I treat everything emotionally. Movement, speed, brightness of emotions - this is mine.

I'm interested in everything. I really like to participate in everything and learn something new. Friends consider me curious, and my strong-willed chin is evidence of purposefulness and determination. I almost always get my way. I value friends and treat friendship with care. I am looking for myself, my way to God or to unbelief. I have no greatness. I know that in life you have to achieve everything yourself, that nothing just comes naturally, that there are no “rights.”

I am eternally grateful to you, Fedor Mikhailovich, for helping me see the Universe around and inside me. 197 words

Share with friends: The pace of scientific and technological progress is now such that it is possible to make any, even the most incredible, predictions. But really, why not dream about, say, immortality or flights into deep space?..
Predictions based on “theory”
The famous American scientist, inventor and futurist Raymond Kurzweil has been making predictions in the scientific and technological field for more than 30 years. Most of his forecasts, usually given 10-40 years in advance, come true with a high degree of accuracy. Back in the early 1980s, he predicted the explosive development of the Internet that would occur in the 90s. At the same time, the scientist predicted the computer’s victory over the world chess champion in 1998. And he was wrong by only one year: the Deep Blue computer beat G. Kasparov in 1997.
Kurzweil makes his predictions in accordance with the theory he developed, which he calls the “Law of Accelerating Returns.” It is based on the rate of acceleration of global scientific and technological progress. In particular, Kurzweil traces the progress in the evolution of computing machines. At first, computer power doubled every three years, in the middle of the 20th century this period was reduced to two years, and now it takes only one year to double computer power.
People will be treated by nanorobots
According to Kurzweil, in 40 years humanity will achieve unlimited material abundance and people will become immortal. Here the futurist primarily took into account the development of genetics, computer technology and nanotechnology. In his speech at the World Science Festival last summer, he predicted that by 2030 there would be means to reprogram the entire human body, which, according to the scientist, is a natural computer. In this way, he says, we will be able to delay and then completely reverse aging.
Soon people will be able to live without fear for their internal organs, including the heart, Kurzweil believes. They will only have to periodically visit the doctor to monitor their health, because their own blood cells controlled by nanorobots will constantly maintain the body in a normal state.
With the help of nanotechnology, it will become possible to grow new organs directly in the human body itself to replace used ones, as well as to repair damaged organs and tissues. Such repairs can be done by the same ubiquitous nanorobots embedded in the circulatory system. They, like travelers in the jungle, will independently move through the vessels, arteries and capillaries, correcting the characteristics of the cells indicated in the “route sheet”, cleansing the body of microbes, cancer cells and cholesterol deposits.
And as organs obtained from nature fail, these organs will be replaced with artificial ones until the entire person becomes an android. The most difficult thing now seems to be the replacement of sensory organs. But there are reports from leading laboratories in the world that an artificial eye and nose are just around the corner: “An artificial pancreas and nerve fibers have already been created...”
Diagnostic toilets and sex “in the head”
One of Kurzweil’s interesting predictions is the appearance of diagnostic toilets in 2017. A person just needs to go to the toilet, flushing information about his health along with the contents of his rectum and bladder into such a toilet, and then he doesn’t even need to see a doctor. When you go to the toilet the next morning, you can read the required recipe on a roll of toilet paper, given by the computer.
Nanotechnology will also increase people's mental abilities, the futurist believes. Each of us can write an entire book in a matter of hours.

Computers will take over the role of teaching children

Modern sex will become obsolete. After all, if you look at it, sexual pleasure is not given to us by animal manipulation of our reproductive organs, but by signals affecting certain areas of the brain. In the future, a person will be able to receive sexual pleasure a hundred times more intense than during normal sex - again with the help of nanorobots that affect these same areas of the brain. You don't need a partner. As for children, they will be “conceived” in test tubes.
Nanorobots will also be created for animals, in particular for livestock. As a result, it will be possible to cut off the shank or fillet from live cows and pigs, which will then grow back like a lizard. There will be waste-free food, and animals will be able to empty their stomachs once a week.
“Perhaps my reasoning may seem implausible to some,” the scientist concludes his speech at the forum, “but much of what I am talking about already exists.”
Will there be no electronic money in 2015?
Experts take Kurzweil's forecasts, despite all their fantastic nature, quite seriously. Especially considering that just in 2007, the presentation of the world’s first quantum computer, predicted by the same Kurzweil, took place. This computer in the very near future should revolutionize technology, since it is based on a completely different principle than silicon computers. The distance between them is like between accounting accounts and a laptop. Silicon computers are built on the principle of “zero-one”, or more precisely, “either zero - or one”. Quantum ones are not “either-or”, but “both-and”, because at the same moment both states will be involved. This is due to the dualism of the photon, the information carrier in a quantum computer. The photon is both a particle and a wave, operating with quantum bits that can take on both values at once.
Kurzweil claims that by 2015 a quantum computer will be able to process more data streams than there are particles in the universe, and most leading experts agree with him on this. The scope of computers will expand enormously. Thus, a quantum computer that cannot be classified will devalue all modern cryptography, all code systems and cause a revolution in areas related to privacy and security. First of all, this will hit the banks. It is unclear how they will get out of the situation, because the entire electronic money circulation system will collapse, including plastic cards that will lose their meaning. The veils of secrecy will be torn off from the CIA FSB, MI6, MOSSAD. The stronger the computers, the higher the flow of information, which means the lighter the secrecy.
“Under the hood” of artificial intelligence
In the forecasts of futurists, it has already become commonplace to predict the computerization of people’s lives, including the participation of computers in cooking, driving, conducting financial transactions, monitoring health, learning, entertainment, and so on. Kurzweil goes further and makes a prediction that from 2045, all computerized processes on the planet, including everyday ones, will begin to come together, so that ultimately the Earth will turn into one giant supercomputer, controlled by a single super-powerful artificial intelligence.
Among his other predictions, the following can be highlighted: in the 2020s, alternative energy and activities aimed at improving human life and not threatening the environment will become widespread; by 2030, space tourism will develop; in 2028 a permanent colony will be established on the Moon. Space will become an integral part of the global economy. In 2040-2050, the world will unite: its political map will resemble the European Union or the United States, thanks to which inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflicts will be significantly reduced.
Street food
Speaking of futurists, it is impossible not to mention Arthur Clarke, a 90-year-old English science fiction writer who lived in Sri Lanka. Like Kurzweil, he was one of those few forecasters for whom at least 80% of what he predicted came true. Thus, back in the 1950s, Clark predicted the appearance of a system of satellites in geostationary orbit that would be able to solve a variety of problems - from meteorological observations to espionage. In those same years, he predicted the progress of computers, the emergence of the Internet, the development of nuclear energy, the landing of man on the moon, and the cloning of living beings.

Space tourism will develop by 2030

And here are the writer’s predictions regarding the 21st century: in 2014, the first space hotel will welcome guests; in 2020 artificial intelligence will reach human level; in 2021, people will land on Mars; in 2023 - cloning of dinosaurs thanks to the reproduced DNA structure; in 2040 - production of molecular duplicates of any objects and substances. In other words, from everything, even street dirt, it will be possible to make (with the help of computers, of course) food, clothing, houses, cars, diamonds. Industry and agriculture will lose their meaning. A person will go into science, art, entertainment. In 2050, mass freezing of people will begin. The majority of humanity will rush into the distant future in cryogenic sleep. By 2090, according to A. Clark, aircraft capable of reaching near-light speed will be created. This will make interstellar flights with frozen astronauts on board under the control of powerful artificial intelligence possible.

1.Collector Bakhrushin

Tell us what you collect or would like to collect. Give your reasons. Who were or would be the first viewers of your collection?

The desire to collect, to one degree or another, is quite natural for any person. It was founded in ancient times, when people were collecting food and items that could help them improve their homes. Now, from a psychological point of view, collecting helps a person to reduce personal anxiety and the feeling of imperfection of our world, and also gives a feeling of calm and confidence. Collecting is especially characteristic of children; many of today's adults collected something in childhood. We can say that when creating a collection, some people cherish this “child” in their soul.

Personally, I cannot classify myself as the type of person who likes to collect; my attitude towards things is purely practical. If I wanted to collect a large number of certain items, it would be only for the purpose of using them all at once. Therefore, collecting the same coins is a strange process for me.

But if I were to become a collector, then (as an unconditional supporter of information innovations) I would carefully keep the most successful electronic messages from my friends and relatives, because this is a powerful means of psychological support and protection from modern stress.

2. Aivazovsky in Feodosia

Write a detailed summary. Describe your favorite work of art, including a few facts about the artist's biography.

I was greatly impressed by Aivazovsky’s painting “The Ninth Wave,” painted in 1850. Its name is taken from the popular belief that in the general rhythm of rolling waves, one, the ninth, stands out noticeably in its power and size among the others.

The painting depicts the early morning after a night storm. The first rays of the sun illuminate the stormy ocean. A huge “ninth wave” is ready to fall on a group of people seeking salvation on the wreckage of the masts. I imagine what a terrible thunderstorm passed at night, what disaster the ship’s crew suffered, how the sailors died. I think about how they passed the test with flying colors, constantly supporting each other.

The confrontation between people and the elements is the theme of the picture. There is meaning in struggle, in a person’s will to salvation, in his faith. And people survive when, by all laws, they were destined to die!

The extraordinary realism of the picture is striking. No one at that time could achieve this in depicting the elements of the sea. The painting combines much of what the artist himself saw and experienced. He especially remembered the storm he experienced in the Bay of Biscay in 1844. The storm was so devastating that the ship was considered sunk. There was even a report in the newspapers about the death of a young Russian painter, whose name was already well known at that time.

This painting found a wide response at the time of its appearance and remains to this day one of the most popular in Russian painting.

3. Lily of the valley

Nature is infinite, there is nothing random or superfluous in it - everything is reasonable and interconnected. That's why she's perfect.

But part of nature itself, the crown of its evolution - man - has become a serious threat to its perfection.

The development of global technological progress, population growth and irrational use of the Earth's natural resources have led to the emergence of serious global environmental problems. The man of the 21st century has become a threat to himself.

Today there are a huge number of environmental problems. But one of those to which we, residents of Donbass, cannot remain indifferent is the shallowing and pollution of the Sea of Azov. The main reason for this problem is the increase in water withdrawal from the Kuban and Don rivers, which flow into the sea. As a result, the water in the sea has become more salty, which harms fish, especially sturgeon, and aquatic vegetation. If nothing is done in the next decade, our beloved Azov will simply turn into a swamp, and people will lose a unique natural phenomenon that is so beneficial for improving health.

4. The feat of Miklouho-Maclay

Write a detailed summary.

Tell us about the great scientist who, like Miklouho-Maclay, thought about the future of the people.

The magnitude of a scientific discovery (and the popularity of its author) is, of course, determined by its practical significance for people. The great Greek mathematician and mechanic Archimedes is the author of numerous discoveries and inventions, covered in legends and still useful today. It was while taking a bath that the scientist figured out how to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object. With a cry of “Eureka!” he discovered the basic law of hydrostatics: the volume of a body is equal to the volume of the fluid displaced by it. He built a system of blocks, with the help of which he was able to launch a heavy multi-deck ship into the water with one movement of his hand. This invention allowed Archimedes to declare: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will change the world!”

But the scientist’s contemporaries, the inhabitants of Syracuse, remember his name well, because he helped them defeat the Roman invaders. He built powerful throwing machines, cranes, capturing enemy ships (the so-called “claws of Archimedes”), collected more than seventy smoothly polished shields and, focusing the sun’s rays on them, set fire to the enemy fleet.

Such was the miraculous power of one person, one talent, that the scientist’s contemporary, the historian Polybius, believed that the Romans could quickly take possession of the city if someone had removed one old man from among the Syracusans.

5. F.M. Dostoevsky

Each person is surrounded by more or less people. We know well and can describe our family members, our friends and acquaintances, and many celebrities. But do we know ourselves, do we look closely at our own face, figure, gait, gestures?

I look carefully in the mirror... A slender, short girl with fluffy dark brown hair down to her shoulders is looking intently at me. For her friends, her gaze is open and welcoming; she often looks at unpleasant people with a frown, from under her brows. Although small, but attentive... the eyes - the mirror of my soul - are hidden from strangers with long eyelashes.

I, like every modern girl, try to take care of myself, lead a healthy lifestyle, so my skin is smooth, light, and in the fresh air a blush appears on my cheeks.

In clothing, I prefer youth style: jeans, blouses and T-shirts in light colors, comfortable sports shoes - this is a modest frame for my portrait. I don’t like brightness or flashiness either in movements, or in actions, or in cosmetics. In my opinion, the main condition for beauty is naturalness.

6. Learn to speak and write

Write a detailed summary.

Do you agree with D. Likhachev’s opinion that “a person’s language is his worldview and his behavior”? Justify your answer by including a story about the most vivid impression of this school year.

It was with great pleasure that I became acquainted with the article by the outstanding Russian philologist D.S. Likhacheva, I really liked her. I certainly agree with Academician Likhachev that it is a person’s language and speech that are the most vivid reflection of his worldview and behavior.

As a person speaks, so, therefore, he thinks. Therefore, the surest way to get to know a person is to listen to what and how he says. Then it will be possible to say a lot about his views, character, and possible behavior in various situations.

Therefore, you must constantly monitor your speech - oral or written. No wonder there is a saying: “My tongue is my enemy.” And he should be a friend of man! Therefore, before you speak, you need to think carefully and weigh every word.

Language cannot be good or bad... After all, language is only a mirror, an indicator of the personal qualities of the speaker. Recently I was once again able to verify this. Albeit in connection with sad events, but with great pleasure I watched an interview with one of the most talented poets of our time - Yevgeny Yevtushenko. How beautifully and interestingly this man spoke about the events of his life and the life of an entire generation, about the interesting people with whom fate brought him together. And in his stories, the poet’s extraordinary personality emerged for me. Socrates was right when he said: “Speak so that I can see you”! In the mass, all people seem similar, fairly standard, but as soon as a person speaks, his personal, individual merits are deeply revealed.

7. The feat of Ivan Fedorov

Write a detailed summary.

Give a reasoned answer to the question: how do you understand the expression “book print culture” and why “time is the best judge”?

Book printed culture (that is, modern book printing) today, in the era of information technology, is undergoing significant changes, transforming the thinking of both the human creator and the human reader. Most of all, these processes are associated with the concept of clip thinking. Some researchers argue that modern young people do not like and do not want to read, preferring to experience the world not through text, but through videos and video games; it is easier for them to work with hypertext from short fragments than with long linear text. Such scientists predict that the book of the future will be a dictionary with short, referencing entries. Will it be so? Time will judge - the best means of testing the strength of any innovation.

But today we can safely say that people continue to read books - thin and thick, for children and adults. Moreover, despite the competitive existence of electronic books, printed books and the printed press are not losing their positions. Many readers still prefer the printed word, the very process of communicating with a book. And the writers themselves believe that text posted on the Internet is perceived as a manuscript and cannot compete with a published printed edition, which provides them with real recognition and popularity.

8. From the history of the book

Write a detailed summary.

Think about the problem posed by the author in the text: what will the book of the future be like? What book would you enjoy reading?

The book has existed for a very long time, being the oldest carrier of information. Primitive people transmitted such information through rock paintings. A little later we switched to birch bark. There were clay tablets and papyrus scrolls. Then the Chinese invented paper. Even later, letters were invented and books began to be copied by hand until the printing press was invented. As a result, we have a modern book - a non-periodical publication consisting of paper sheets on which text and graphic information is printed by typography or handwriting.

But the world does not stand still. We are all witnessing a huge breakthrough in the field of information technology. This also applies to books. For example, e-books appeared. This allows you to solve the problem of storing large volumes of information and abandon expensive paper. I think that soon the book, as such, will be completely transferred to electronic media. I would like it to increase its information content and visibility. It would be very interesting to read a book about adventures with “live” animated illustrations.

A person will always need new information. And it doesn’t matter what the book of the future will be. The main thing is to read it!

9. Choosing a life goal

Write a detailed summary.

How do you understand the phrase “vital goal”? Formulate your main life goal. Give reasons for your choice.

We all strive for something in our lives. We want to become someone, have something, go somewhere. A goal in life is a beacon, without which it is easy to get lost on the path of life.

A person must consciously choose his life goal. His self-esteem will depend on what goal he chooses. After all, everyone evaluates himself by the goals that he sets for himself. Only a worthy goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy. It is important that our goals do not harm us: do not spoil our relationships with loved ones, do not harm others.

For me, the “vital goal” at the moment is to obtain a cherished profession. I believe that this is a very important and responsible step. After all, a favorite job makes a person’s life truly interesting, and an unsuitable one turns it into a heavy burden.

10. Swan Temple

Write a detailed summary.

Tell a legend or story associated with a famous temple, including in your retelling a detailed description of the architectural structure.

Each Orthodox church, seemingly created according to certain general architectural canons, is unique and beautiful in its own way.

On Red Square in Moscow, in the middle of the 16th century, by order of Ivan the Terrible, St. Basil's Cathedral was erected. It was erected by Russian architects Barma and Postnik to commemorate the conquest of the Kazan Khanate. According to legend, so that the architects could not create anything better, Tsar Ivan IV ordered them to be blinded upon completion of construction.

St. Basil's Cathedral consists of nine churches on one foundation. The cathedral is built of brick. The central part is crowned with a tall, magnificent tent with “fiery” decoration almost to the middle of its height. The tent is surrounded on all sides by domes, none of which are like the other. Not only does the pattern of the large onion-domes vary; If you look closely, you will easily notice that the finish of each drum is unique.

The main thing in the appearance of the temple is that it lacks a clearly defined façade. Whichever side you approach the cathedral from, it seems that this is the main side.

More than once this unique monument of Russian architecture could have been irretrievably lost. It was mined, but the French were unable to blow it up in 1812. In the 1930s, Kaganovich, while clearing Red Square for parades, removed this temple from its layout, but Stalin commanded: “Lazarus, put it in its place!”

And today we see in pristine beauty this monument to the Faith and Talent of a person, hopefully forever.

11. Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon

Write a detailed summary.

Describe the impression that the sound of a bell or an organ, a piano or a violin made on you, including in the description a brief retelling of a work of fiction that mentions one of these musical instruments.

Everyone has a different attitude towards music, but everyone sees its important role in the life and destiny of man and humanity. So, for example, K. Balmont wrote about it this way: “The whole life of the world is surrounded by music. When the earth, at its creation, was already ready for life, there was still no life. Then suddenly the wind rushed over the field and over the forest. "There was a splash in the waves, and a hum in the forest peaks. Through this, music arose in the world, and the world became alive."

And it is true. There is nothing in the world more alive than music. And the violin seems to me the most alive of all instruments, especially in the hands of a master. In his book “The Condemnation of Paganini,” Anatoly Vinogradov repeatedly described the impression that the genius’s play made on the audience. As a boy, he extracted sounds from a huge instrument for his height that covered both the choir and the orchestra. It seemed that not one, but ten violins began to sing. Even the priest, always turned to God, felt the trembling excitement in his blood and all the charm of a sinful life.

12. Amazing woman

Write a detailed summary.

Which people do you think can be considered kind people? Have you met such people in your life? Complete your presentation with a short story about them.

“Kindness is something that the deaf can hear and the blind can see,” said Mark Twain. What is kindness and who are kind people?

They say that a bright person is best seen in the dark. And in our difficult times, we are seeing examples of real kindness. People with big hearts share their last piece of bread and shelter with those left homeless, donate blood to help the wounded, and organize volunteer centers to help displaced people.

And if we “get personal,” then I would like to mention the person who did not leave me indifferent. I think that an example of a truly kind person for my contemporaries can be a resuscitator, founder of the Fair Aid Foundation, Elizaveta Glinka. It was she who, for many years, provided palliative care, fed and clothed the homeless, and gave them shelter; It was she who, under bullets, took sick and wounded children from Donbass to the best hospitals in Moscow and St. Petersburg; It was she who organized a shelter for children with amputated limbs, where they undergo rehabilitation after the hospital.

I wish there were more truly kind people. After all, kindness is the basis of relationships between people. The world stands on it. It has stood and will stand.

13. What brings people together

Write a detailed summary.

In my opinion, nothing is impossible in the world. All people are subject to any obstacles. If each person starts with himself, this will be his contribution to the process of changing all of humanity. You just need to engage in self-education and self-improvement urgently, and do not put this matter on the back burner. And you can start by introducing goodness.

Goodness has many faces: someone fed the birds in winter, collected toys and books for children in an orphanage. Smile at a passerby, say a kind word - and this is also kindness. Warm sympathy can replace a gift on a holiday, help a patient recover faster, and cheer up in a sad moment.

I am especially pleased to surround my grandmother with care, who gave me so much warmth and kindness in life! She taught us to share it, sparing no reserves of soul for people.

14. From papyrus to modern books

Write a detailed summary.

Tell us about a book that you would enjoy reading. What and who should it be about?

There are a large number of books that have been relevant for many centuries. Your ancestors read them, your children and great-grandchildren will read them.

What is the phenomenon of “ageless books”, their “eternal youth”? In my humble opinion, the reason is the philosophical issues they raise.

The heroes of almost all of Shakespeare's tragedies struggle to resolve issues that still concern everyone. Whether to fight global evil or come to terms with it - “to be or not to be” is a dilemma that tormented not only Prince Hamlet, but also many subsequent generations. What actions you can take for the sake of your love, which does not suit others, is a problem not only for Romeo and Juliet, but also for thousands of other young lovers.

I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" raises the issue of the relationship between two generations, their eternal conflict. How can a book like this become outdated?!

Old man Santiago, the hero of the famous story by Ernest Hemingway, shares an important life principle not only with his contemporaries, but also with all generations of readers: “Man is not born to suffer defeat.”

This is how true literary masterpieces are not subject to time and defeat!

15. Types of memory

Write a detailed summary.

Conduct a self-analysis and tell us what types of memory predominate in you. Why did you come to this conclusion? Give your reasons.

Many people underestimate the importance of memory for self-development and reason like this: “Why train your memory if the main thing is not the quantity of memorized material, but its quality.” This is true, but research shows that by developing memory, we also develop our abilities, especially creative ones.

It seems to me that it is especially important to develop different types of memory over time.

Almost everyone has developed instant memory. It is rather an image that we receive from encountering an event. The duration of instant memory is from 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.

It’s good when a person has developed RAM. Its duration is up to 20 seconds. It has such an important property as volume. I need to work on increasing the amount of RAM. For most people, it ranges from 5 to 9 pieces of information. Sherlock Holmes probably had a short-term memory capacity of more than ten.

I also, like any person, constantly need to develop long-term memory,

allowing you to store information for an unlimited period. The more you repeat important information, the more it gets imprinted. This requires developed thinking and willpower, but it is this memory that provides us with knowledge.

16. Functions of the Russian language

Write a detailed summary.

Remember the two functions of language that M. Panov considered basic (language is a means of communication and a means of thought) and write a poetic or prosaic ode to the Russian language or word.

For me, the Russian language is not a set of specific lexical structures, thanks to which people can transmit information to each other, but a palette for bright, vivid feelings and sensations. When I speak Russian, using the full breadth of its vocabulary, I reveal my soul and show my character to the fullest.

Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Tyutchev, Lermontov wrote in this language, who are recognized and admired not only in their homeland, but also far beyond its borders. After all, it is Russian literature that is considered one of the greatest cultural treasures of the world, because it is capable of warming the heart and piercing it with a sharp spear of protest, capturing it with passion and making it freeze with horror. And most importantly, she was able to reflect the mysterious Russian soul, which no one could understand, because people of another nation would never be able to believe that a Russian person, neglecting the laws of self-preservation, would prefer spiritual benefits to material ones.

Only a great people could be given such a great language. That is why we are a Russian-speaking great and strong state. Every word conveys the strongest spirit of our people, and the richer the language, the stronger the spirit of the nation, the stronger its cultural and historical heritage.

17. The many faces of Kuprin

Write a detailed summary.

Think about the questions: Which books do not get old? Who and what are they about? Tell us about one of these books.

Each person has their own preferences, especially in works of art. I think there are no people who don’t read books—everyone reads. And everyone chooses what is closest to their liking: historical novels, philosophical essays, detective stories. But there are books that are universal, not subject to time and personal inclinations, that do not leave anyone indifferent - eternal books. Such books make you think about man in general and about himself, about the meaning of human life, about happiness and ways to achieve it. Shakespeare and Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Balzac, Sholokhov and Remarque wrote about this.

The book that delighted me was Ernest Hemingway’s story “The Old Man and the Sea.” As I understand it, it’s not just me, since it brought its author a Nobel Prize. At the center of the story is a forced duel between man and the natural world, of which he himself is a part. And the person comes out of this test with honor, because, according to the author, a person can even be destroyed, but he cannot be defeated! This book teaches us to be wise and, understanding that nothing comes easy in the world, to never give up.

18. “Boyarina Morozova”

Write a detailed summary.

If you were an artist planning a historical painting, what and who would it be about? Give reasons for your choice.

The history of any state and of all humanity consists of massive epochal events and the destinies of individual people. And it seems to me that it is easier for the viewer to understand a major historical event by seeing it through the eyes of an ordinary participant. Therefore, in the center of my picture were the fates and images of ordinary people.

If I had created, like Ilya Glazunov, the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field,” I would have made the central characters not the Russian princes, or even their warriors, but simple peasant warriors who abandoned unplowed fields to protect their native land from enemies.

If I were writing the Battle of Borodino, I would make that “uncle” from M.Yu.’s poem the central character. Lermontov, who, under the command of the brave colonel, vowed to “die near Moscow” for the sake of defending the fatherland.

I would make the heroes of paintings about the Great Patriotic War an ordinary soldier, a nurse, a partisan, a penal battalion soldier, because dying for one’s homeland makes everyone equal and equally worthy!

And I could also paint a picture about today’s everyday life of my Republic, whose people stand at the defense of its borders, work, study, defending their independence and personal human dignity.

19. Tchaikovsky and nature

Write a detailed summary.

Why do you think servant P.I. Did Tchaikovsky call the process of composing music a “sacred task”? Tell us about how music influences you.

A holy cause... They speak so highly of an extremely noble and important cause. About what is revered and highly valued by people. Writing music is one of those things. Why? Because, probably, music has a huge influence on a person. It can mobilize people for completely overwhelming work, raise morale, invigorate and cheer, and gives self-confidence. On the other hand, it helps you relax, calms you down, and even makes you sad.

Music can be very diverse and a person chooses which one to listen to based on his personal preferences. I'm not a fan, but a person trying to get involved in classical music. And it's not that simple.

This kind of music is always needed. She brings us a dream, calls us to a country where no problems or trifles can cool love, where no one will take away our happiness.

I'm not a fan, but a person trying to get involved in classical music. And it's not that simple. No one would listen to classical music while catching up on the latest news during recess or pushing their way to the counter at the buffet. We don’t put on an evening dress when we go to throw out the trash, we don’t prepare a cake with whipped cream for breakfast every morning. Serious music is a “delicacy” from the holiday menu, it is “diamonds” from family jewelry. And the time of serious music, I think, comes to every person, as well as the time of big decisions, great love. Such music is always needed, and even more so in our (overly rationalistic) times. She brings us a dream, calls us to a country where no problems or trifles can cool love, where no one will take away our happiness.