Is there life in Lake Vostok? Selection criteria and rules for publication of works

In 2012, “biomolecule” held the “bio/mol/text” competition for popular science articles for the second time. This is a competition for authors who can correctly and cheerfully talk about complex things in the field of modern biology.

At the very last moment there was a surprise: the informal association “Biotechnologies of the Future” invites the winners of each nomination to attend the winter school “Modern Biology & Biotechnologies of the Future 2013”! Yo!

Competition winners:

In nomination "Best Review": Komissarova Natalya(for the work “There is never too much diversity: what mobile elements of the genome do in the brain
Kochanova Natalya(for the work “Alu: the story of one sequence”) and Zakubansky Alexander(for the work “Platform Viruses: Poison for Good”
In nomination "Best News Report" The jury did not come to a clear opinion, so we award TWO FIRST PLACES: Dry Olga(for the work “Finally: a birth control pill for men!”) and Korzhova Victoria(for the work “Allen Brain Atlas: brain transcriptome”) they receive 5 thousand rubles. and invitations to the Winter School.
In nomination "My own work": Kovalenko Ekaterina(for the work “Biology and chemistry: the prospect of scientific research, or supramolecular chemistry studies cucurbituril”) receives 10 thousand rubles. and an invitation to the Winter School.
For outstanding courage Khrenova Maria(with the work “Threshold of sensitivity of visual perception”) and Shevnin Yuri(with the work “Bionic Designer Elpul”) receive incentive prizes of 2 thousand rubles.
And finally, in the nomination "People's Choice Award" based on online voting, wins Shoeva Olesya with the article “Multi-colored “miracles” of science.” Olesya receives an iPod Touch MP3 player and an invitation to the Winter School!

Cash prizes were provided by the generous company Life Technologies, and the iPod was provided by the company “Genoanalitika”, for which the “biomolecule” sincerely thanks them!

Participate in future bio/mol/text competitions!

Knowledge in a broad sense is a subjective image of reality, which means the desire for knowledge is a way of existence. “Biomolecule” promotes the intrinsic value of curiosity as a life credo and therefore for the second time holds a “bio/mol/text” competition for popular science articles. The first competition was held in 2011, and 20 works passed a rigorous editorial selection process. We send our greetings to the courageous authors of these instructive works and invite everyone to take part in a new competition for the nobility of spirit and the sophistication of the keyboard pen.

Main theme of the competition: molecular biology and biophysics, biomedicine and bio- and nanotechnology.

Competition dates: works were accepted from July 2 to October 31, 2012. The results of the competition (according to the decision of the jury) were announced at the end of November.

Selection criteria and rules for publication of works

Selection criteria

Everyone is allowed to participate in the competition, regardless of age, profession and citizenship;
Both articles written specifically for the competition and already published works are accepted for participation (not earlier than July 1, 2011); in the latter case, the editors reserve the right to ask the author to revise the article taking into account the specifics and topics of the competition;
Books and chapters from them, scientific articles and pseudoscientific hypotheses are not accepted for the competition;
All articles undergo pre-selection, according to which any work may be rejected.

Publication rules

Articles are provided in Russian;
The editors have the right to ask the authors to finalize the submitted article, taking into account the topic of the site and the specifics of the competition;
The editors reserve the right to make any changes to the submitted articles;
When choosing a topic for work, it makes sense to focus on the range of articles already published on the site. There is no point in repeating topics already covered; It is recommended to refer to these materials;
A preliminary meeting with regarding the choice of the topic of work is allowed;
Articles that have passed the preliminary selection are published on the website as they are received (during the competition period). The articles will clearly indicate that they are submitted to the competition and in what category. The evaluation of articles will be carried out by jury members from October 31;
Published materials are subject to the site's license (Creative Commons). After publication on the website and the end of the competition, authors have the right to dispose of the original text at their own discretion;
An article can be written by a team of authors, but it must be presented by one person.

Application for the competition and rules for submitting works

Materials must be written in a language accessible to a wide audience, and also contain original illustrations. Before submitting an application for the competition, you must register on the website and provide basic information about yourself:

Real first and last name (participation under pseudonyms is not allowed);
Occupation, place of work or study and position;
Area of scientific interests;
Motivation for participation in the competition (optional);
A valid email address and (optional) other means of communication.

You must send your work to the email address of the Biomolecules editorial office (), indicating in the letter a link to the user’s profile on the site and attaching a file (in doc, docx, odt or rtf format) with the article. The subject line of the letter should be “Article for the competition” and the participant’s last name.

Article Format

The publication should be prepared in the format accepted on the website:

title of the work;
brief abstract of the work (abstract);
title illustration with caption;
main text with subheadings;
illustrations and captions for them. Illustrations can also be provided in the form of separate files (possibly in an archive);
a list of cited literature, preferably with hyperlinks.

If necessary, all additional information (for example, that the article was previously published in a publication) can also be provided in the application letter.

Nominations and prizes

The competition accepted articles on the stated topic in the following categories:

best review article, revealing a small scientific field (at least 10 thousand characters)
bonus - 10 thousand rubles.
best news report, covering scientific research published since early 2012. (at least 5 thousand characters)
bonus - 5 thousand rubles.
the best press release on the topic of your scientific work (at least 10 thousand characters)
bonus - 10 thousand rubles.
People's Choice Award(Internet voting in imbg magazine)
Prize - MP3 player "iPod touch" 8 GB(prize provided by the company "Genoanalytics").

The participant has the right to submit no more than one work for each of the first three nominations; All works that have passed the editorial selection will automatically take part in the online voting.

With this scientific cafe, the Dynasty Foundation and the Chemistry and Life magazine opened the Year of Chemistry, which is celebrated all over the world.

Why was the cafe dedicated specifically to oil? Not only because global transport uses fuel that we get from oil, but also because the vast majority of things that surround us are made from it.
Today, not only economic but also political forecasts depend on oil. In the 70-80s of the twentieth century, we were told that there was 40 years of oil left. This time has passed, but the oil has not yet run out. Today, some say that there is only a couple of decades left, while others believe that it will never end.

Guests of the scientific cafe were:

Academician Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV, Director of the Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis named after. A. V. Topchiev RAS
Doctor of Chemical Sciences Vitaly Rafailovich FLID, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Head. Department of Physical Chemistry MITHT named after. M. V. Lomonosova
Doctor of Chemical Sciences Vladimir Sergeevich ARUTYUNOV, Professor of the Department of Gas Chemistry of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after. I. M. Gubkina, Head of the Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Oxidation, Institute of Chemical Physics named after. N. N. Semenov RAS.

Scientific journalists, publishers, young scientists and students of the Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University also took part in the work of the scientific cafe. M. V. Lomonosov.

The cafe was hosted by Lyubov Strelnikova and Sergey Katasonov.

Vitaly Rafailovich FLID began not with forecasts, but with three main theories of the origin of oil: the organic theory, which was first expressed by M.V. Lomonosov, the inorganic theory, which D.I. Mendeleev spoke about, and the cosmic theory.
There is still no answer to the question which of them is correct.
At the same time, technical capabilities have recently appeared to simulate the inorganic origin of oil, and everything proves that the theory is not at all absurd. We are talking about the latest experiments that are being carried out in several laboratories around the world: here, in the USA and Japan. The new installations were able to reproduce conditions that correspond to the pressure and temperature of the Earth's upper mantle (what occurs at a depth of 30-50 km).
There are two such installations in Russia: one in Troitsk (Institute of High Pressure Physics), the other in Novosibirsk.
Scientists have proven that if you take the components that are present in the upper mantle (metal carbonates, unreduced iron and water), mix them and place them in a high-pressure installation, then at temperatures of 1300-1500 0 C and pressures of 20-30 thousand atmospheres, methane and other hydrocarbons are produced. That is, those components that make up natural gas.
The main thing is that the process does not take thousands of years, but quickly. And this fact is no longer in doubt. What happens next?
Let's imagine that the Earth is a huge reactor. If methane is formed in the upper layers of the mantle, then under pressure it must somehow migrate through 50 km to the surface. Along the way, anything can happen to the gas: a mixture of CO (or CO 2) and hydrogen (synthesis gas) can be formed from methane, and from it, with the participation of mineral catalysts, a mixture of hydrocarbons can be obtained in a Fischer-Tropsch type reaction. In fact, everything depends on the speed of movement of the mixture and the composition of minerals that can be catalysts.
This theory is indirectly confirmed by a well-known fact: there are seemingly depleted deposits that are again filled with hydrocarbons and begin to be developed. One can argue about how this happens, but one of the possible ways is replenishment with hydrocarbons from the bowels of the Earth.

Vladimir Sergeevich ARUTYUNOV:
Let us leave aside the question of how minerals are formed, but those deposits that humanity exploits, it begins to develop from above. For example, once upon a time oil was simply taken out of a well in buckets. As the easiest layers to mine end, they go deeper. Therefore, when we talk about the remaining resources, we are not talking about how much organic matter is left in the deposits, but how much we can extract with our level of technology.
Over the past 10-12 years, those resources that were easily accessible to us began to rapidly dry up. This happened faster than technology improved, hence the feeling of crisis. Oil and gas prices began to rise, which provoked an active search for alternative energy sources. But the history of mankind shows: when usual resources run out, there is always a way out.
That's pretty much what happened today. The United States made two innovative breakthroughs: they figured out how to extract what was previously impossible to obtain.
We are talking about heavy bituminous oil and shale gas. Due to this technological breakthrough, the volume of potential resources increased by 1.5-2 times. That is, the depletion forecasts came true, only by this time humanity had come up with a new technological solution for a different type of hydrocarbon resources. The cost of producing heavy oil is, of course, higher than conventional oil, but its resources are enormous. If we take into account bituminous oil, countries will be redistributed according to field reserves in a completely different way. Venezuela will be in first place, Canada will be in second, Russia will be in third, and Saudi Arabia will only be in fourth. Canada has already begun to actively develop heavy oil.
The second revolution and technology that did not exist before is the massive production of shale gases. Shale gas is ordinary natural gas that is concentrated in hard rocks (shales) distributed over vast areas. Therefore, production requires special horizontal drilling and the well, unlike a conventional one, lasts only a few years. At the same time, there is so much shale gas in total that the United States, having debugged the technology, is even ready to begin exporting it to other countries. However, it is also abundant in Europe, so many countries are also starting to mine it.

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
Of course, when we talk about the fact that there is 40-50 years of oil left, we are talking about cheap oil. There's only so much of it left. If we talk about all the extracted reserves, they will probably last for 300-350 years.
For example, in Siberia the price of extracting light oil is $20 per barrel, and heavy oil is $50 per barrel. Nevertheless, it is profitable to extract heavy oil today, and light oil is often made from it right on the spot. However, it won’t be long before making bioethanol will be cheaper than extracting oil. In Brazil it is already cheaper, which is why they produce so much bioethanol.
Therefore, when we talk about reserves and mining for energy extraction, this is a purely economic issue.

Presenter Sergey Katasonov:
Why do we produce less gasoline from the same amount of oil than the United States?

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
This is again an economic issue. Technologically, we can also carry out deep oil refining; another question is whether it is profitable for us or not. For example, regular oil contains approximately 50% light fractions (from which gasoline is obtained) and 50% fuel oil, which requires deep processing. Once upon a time it was unprofitable to recycle it, but now it is profitable, and we are starting to do it.
In general, Russia produces approximately 490 million tons of oil per year, consumes approximately 150 million tons (about 1 ton per year per person, like a moderately developed country), and we sell the rest.

Lyubov Strelnikova:
How will the political situation in the Middle East affect oil prices?

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
You can expect two options here.
The first is that when the revolutions subside, governments will come to their senses and begin to actively pursue oil. Accordingly, prices will fall, which is bad for us.
On the other hand, until they realize it, prices are very high, and this provokes developed countries to look for other solutions. Once the price increases significantly, developed countries will respond with new technologies and the extraction of other hydrocarbons in new ways.

Tatyana Zimina, “Science and Life”:
In recent years there has been a lot of talk about the development of the Arctic shelves. Is this really going to happen soon? And what is the situation with the development of gas hydrates?

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
Our country has both gas and oil, but other countries do not. Therefore, the Arctic shelves are interesting for them. Well, in general, this is a strategic task, with an eye on future generations. Currently there are no technologies for developing the Arctic shelves, but they will undoubtedly appear in the future.
I think that gas hydrates are next in line after shale gas, which recently they also did not know how to extract.

Magazine "In the World of Science":
They write that shale gas extraction technologies can damage the water intake system.

Vladimir Sergeevich ARUTYUNOV:
Yes, they do talk about this, but shale gas horizons are usually below aquifers, most likely there should not be a problem. Or they will deal with it.

Alexandra Borisova, Gazeta ru:
You said that there are known cases when empty wells are filled with oil.
Are they fueled by newly formed oil from the depths of the Earth?
Or was it simply that light oil was extracted and abandoned, and in connection with new technologies the remains became interesting?

Vitaly Rafailovich FLID:
It’s difficult to answer unequivocally. It could be both.

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
There are no empty wells, since we extract only 30 to 60% of minerals from them. There are low income ones.
In addition, the following possible process cannot be discounted: when heavy oil remains, it can, with the help of deep-seated minerals (which act as catalysts), decompose over time and form new lighter fractions.

Petr Obraztsov:
What is the ampoule material made of in experiments on the inorganic origin of oil?

Anton KOLESNIKOV (candidate of chemical sciences):
At such high pressures, almost all metals and alloys allow gases to pass through. Therefore, it is impossible to “catch” the reaction products that are formed. It turned out that platinum transmits the worst of all, and it was in such an ampoule that we discovered a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Zinaida, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University:
Will we be able to develop the Arctic shelf using our own technologies?

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
Of course we can.
The question is - is it necessary? No country, no matter how developed, has 100% of its own technologies. Another question is that each country should have its own set of key, defining technologies.

Irina Oppemakh, Kolibri publishing house:
We were told for a long time “the oil will run out, we need to engage in alternative energy.” Now that new technologies have appeared and natural reserves have grown so much because of them, maybe it’s not necessary?

Salambek Naibovich KHADZHIEV:
Of course, we need to develop all technologies. Let me remind you that cheap oil remains for 30-40 years. And then new technologies, including alternative energy, will have to work in full force. And we also cannot do without nuclear power plants.

The winners of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics were graduates of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and now professors at the University of Manchester, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov. The prize was awarded to scientists for their research into graphene, the world’s thinnest material, just one atom thick. This material combines unique properties: it is ultra-thin, almost transparent, has high strength and good thermal conductivity, which allows it to be used in a wide variety of fields of science. Polit.ru publishes an article by a candidate of chemical sciences Tatiana Zimina, in which the author talks about the properties of graphene, and also talks with the head of the laboratory of the Institute for Problems of Microelectronics Technology and Highly Pure Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergei Morozov, who comments on the results of the work of Nobel laureates. The material was published in the journal “Science and Life” (2010. No. 11).

Graphene, a material just one atom thick, is built from a “mesh” of carbon atoms arranged, like a honeycomb, into hexagonal-shaped cells. This is another allotropic form of carbon along with graphite, diamond, nanotubes and fullerene. The material has excellent electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, high strength and is almost completely transparent.

The idea of producing graphene “lay” in the crystal lattice of graphite, which is a layered structure formed by loosely bonded layers of carbon atoms. That is, graphite, in fact, can be represented as a set of layers of graphene (two-dimensional crystals) connected to each other.

Graphite is a layered material. It was this property that the Nobel laureates used to produce graphene, despite the fact that theory predicted (and previous experiments confirmed) that a two-dimensional carbon material cannot exist at room temperature - it will transform into other allotropic forms of carbon, for example, fold into nanotubes or spherical fullerenes.

An international team of scientists led by Andre Geim, which included researchers from the University of Manchester (UK) and the Institute of Microelectronics Technology and Highly Pure Materials (Chernogolovka, Russia), obtained graphene by simply peeling off layers of graphite. To do this, ordinary tape was glued to the graphite crystal and then removed: the thinnest films remained on the tape, including single-layer ones. (How can one not remember: “Everything ingenious is simple”!) Later, other two-dimensional materials were obtained using this technique, including the high-temperature superconductor Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.

Now this method is called “micromechanical exfoliation”, it allows you to obtain the highest quality graphene samples up to 100 microns in size.

Another great idea of the future Nobel laureates was to deposit graphene on a silicon oxide (SiO2) substrate. Thanks to this procedure, graphene became possible to observe under a microscope (from optical to atomic force) and study.

The first experiments with the new material showed that in the hands of scientists is not just another form of carbon, but a new class of materials with properties that cannot always be described from the standpoint of the classical theory of solid state physics.

The resulting two-dimensional material, being a semiconductor, has conductivity like one of the best metal conductors - copper. Its electrons have very high mobility, which is due to the peculiarities of its crystal structure. Obviously, this quality of graphene, coupled with its nanometer thickness, makes it a candidate material that could replace silicon in electronics, including future high-speed computers. Researchers believe that a new class of graphene nanoelectronics with a base transistor thickness of no more than 10 nm (a field-effect transistor has already been obtained on graphene) is just around the corner.

Physicists are now working to further increase the mobility of electrons in graphene. Calculations show that the limitation of the mobility of charge carriers in it (and therefore conductivity) is associated with the presence of charged impurities in the SiO2 substrate. If we learn to produce “free-hanging” graphene films, then the electron mobility can be increased by two orders of magnitude - up to 2 × 106 cm2/V.s. Such experiments are already underway, and quite successfully. True, an ideal two-dimensional film in a free state is unstable, but if it is deformed in space (that is, it is not ideally flat, but, for example, wavy), then stability is ensured. From such a film it is possible to make, for example, a nanoelectromechanical system - a highly sensitive gas sensor capable of responding even to a single molecule found on its surface.

Other possible applications of graphene: in electrodes of supercapacitors, in solar batteries, for creating various composite materials, including ultra-light and high-strength (for aviation, spacecraft, etc.), with a given conductivity. The latter can vary enormously. For example, the material graphane has been synthesized, which, unlike graphene, is an insulator (see “Science and Life” No. 4, 2009). It was obtained by adding a hydrogen atom to each carbon atom of the starting material. It is important that all the properties of the starting material - graphene - can be restored by simply heating (annealing) the graphane. At the same time, graphene added to plastic (an insulator) turns it into a conductor.

The almost complete transparency of graphene suggests its use in touch screens, and if we remember its “super-thinness,” then the prospects for its use in future flexible computers (which can be rolled up like a newspaper), watch bracelets, and soft light panels are clear.

But any application of the material requires its industrial production, for which the micromechanical exfoliation method used in laboratory research is not suitable. Therefore, a huge number of other ways to obtain it are now being developed in the world. Chemical methods for producing graphene from graphite microcrystals have already been proposed. One of them, for example, produces graphene embedded in a polymer matrix. Vapor deposition and growth at high pressure and temperature on silicon carbide substrates are also described. In the latter case, which is most suitable for industrial production, a film with the properties of graphene is formed during thermal decomposition of the surface layer of the substrate.

The value of new material for the development of physical research is fantastically great. As Sergei Morozov (Institute for Problems of Microelectronics Technology and Highly Pure Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov point out in their article published in 2008 in the journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, “in fact, graphene opens up a new scientific paradigm - “relativistic” physics solid state, in which quantum relativistic phenomena (some of which are not realizable even in high-energy physics) can now be studied under ordinary laboratory conditions... For the first time in a solid-state experiment, it is possible to explore all the nuances and diversity of quantum electrodynamics.” That is, we are talking about the fact that many phenomena, the study of which required the construction of huge particle accelerators, can now be studied, armed with a much simpler instrument - the thinnest material in the world.

20.03.2006

Our locomotive is flying forward
Siberian science has the largest number of grants per scientist.
Tatyana Zimina
"Science and life"

Last week, a board meeting of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation was held to discuss the state of affairs with the implementation of the Federal Targeted Scientific and Technical Program (Federal Targeted Scientific and Technical Program) “Research and Development in Priority Areas of Science and Technology Development” based on the results of 2005.
Let us remind you that scientific projects financed under the program were selected on a competitive basis. The priority areas (for which funding is provided) were computer science and telecommunications, nanotechnology, living systems, environmental management, energy, security and counter-terrorism. In total, 7,148 million rubles were allocated from the budget for the implementation of the program last year; this figure is planned to be slightly higher in 2006 – 7,734 million rubles. Deputy The head of the Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, Alexander Klimenko, emphasized that the working groups involved in the selection of projects sent to the competition under this program consisted of 70% scientists. The age distribution of the winners of the projects has 2 distinct peaks, falling in the age groups “a little over 20” and “around 60”. Which reflects the general (rather deplorable) state of affairs with personnel in Russian science.

In total, the winners included 598 scientific organizations, whose projects involved 26 thousand performers. These last two figures, according to Klimenko, speak of “an unbiased selection of works during the competition.”
Most grant funds went to the Central District - 66.16%, to the Northwestern - 16.21% and Siberian - 7.03%. However, if you look at how much money was allocated for research per scientist, it turns out that the most successful district is Siberian, where every two projects out of five submitted to the competition were supported.
If we consider how funding was distributed among departments, the undisputed leader is the Russian Academy of Sciences, where 1,858 million rubles were allocated, followed by organizations related to the Russian Education Agency, which received 1,104 million rubles. It was surprising that non-departmental organizations received the most - 2157.96 million rubles. What kind of organizations these are remains unclear. Apparently, among others, these include private research centers that also participate in competitions of the Ministry of Education and Science.

Director of the Department of State Scientific and Technical Innovation Policy Alexander Khlunov in his report listed the problems selected for solution in the next (2007-2012) Federal Center for Science and Technology. Among the main problems were the high risk of degradation of domestic fundamental science and the low level of development of the applied development sector and undeveloped innovation infrastructure. Minister of Science and Education Andrei Fursenko said that it is planned to create a section on the website of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in which anyone can get acquainted with the scientific results obtained as part of completed projects. In what form they will be presented will become clear after the problem of intellectual property protection is resolved.

During the discussion of the presented reports, the director of the Institute of Crystallography named after. A.V. Shubnikov RAS, corresponding member of the RAS Mikhail Kovalchuk expressed the opinion that we urgently need to develop a scientific and technical policy for the Russian Federation, which should be raised at the next Scientific and Technical Council under the President of the Russian Federation.
Andrei Fursenko concluded by expressing the opinion that “we are on the right path,” and this should be “transmitted to the Government of the Russian Federation.”

The International Association of the Nobel Movement has been created in Russia.

The creation of the association was announced at the First Nobel Forum in Russia, held in St. Petersburg and Moscow under the auspices of UNESCO. According to the organizers of the conference, the goal of the Nobel movement is to restore good relations with the Nobel family, to revive in Russia the traditions of civilized business that the Nobel dynasty demonstrated for 80 years.

Among the organizers of the first international conference “The Nobel Dynasty and the Development of the Scientific and Industrial Potential of Russia” and the Nobel Movement are the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow International Oil and Gas Club, the Russian Union of Energy Efficiency, the Administration of the Yaroslavl Region, etc.

At a press conference held at RIA-Novosti, the General Director of the Russian Energy Efficiency Union, Semyon Dragulsky, recalled that three generations of the Nobel dynasty worked in the defense, metallurgical, engineering, oil and petrochemical industries of Russia, made a significant contribution to the development of pipeline, sea and river transport and, of course, science. According to Dragulsky, the Nobels invested 40% of their net profits in the “social infrastructure” of their enterprises - education, libraries and churches, and a bonus fund. “That is, it was a socially oriented business,” explained Dragulsky, “which should become a moral and ethical guideline for today’s entrepreneurial community.”

Academician Konstantin Frolov noted that in the USSR the Nobel Prize was not very encouraged and “competed with the Lenin Prize” and it is even more important to “increase attention to the Nobel dynasty, .... the history of doing business is a good example of investing money in science, education, and industrial development.” As academician Konstantin Frolov explained to a Science and Life correspondent, the Russian Academy of Sciences should play a leading role in the Nobel movement. Its tasks include researching the scientific heritage of the Nobels and disseminating information about the activities of the Nobel movement. The activities of the Nobel family are a positive example for the Academy of Sciences itself.

Let us recall that even before the founding of the Alfred Nobel Prize (1901), a prize was established in Russia in 1889 in memory of the outstanding entrepreneur and inventor Ludwig Nobel, and in 1907, in honor of recognition of services to the domestic oil industry, the Emmanuel Nobel Prize was founded , head of the Nobel Brothers Petroleum Production Partnership.

In the work of the first international conference “Nobel Dynasty...” The chairman of the Nobel Family Society, Dr. Michael Nobel (great-great-grandson of Alfred Nobel), took part, who thanked the administration of St. Petersburg for “putting in order” the graves of Ludwig and Emmanuel Nobel and expressed hope that the conference would not be the last.