Pushkin on the seashore. I.K. Aivazovsky. 1887

1799 On June 6 (May 26, old style), the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born

“Moscow greeted the birth of the future poet with the continuous festive ringing of its “forty forties.” True, the fireworks were not a greeting to the newborn Alexander Pushkin - on May 26, 1799, the news of the birth of Emperor Paul's granddaughter Maria reached the second capital. But history knows how to celebrate important dates in its own way: in Russia, in Moscow, the greatest poet came into the world.

The ancient capital of Rus' was by this time a large semi-European city, scattered, crowded and colorful, with small houses and manorial estates in the center, with echoing log and quiet unpaved pavements. In the alleys of the Basmannaya District and Chistye Prudy, the foundations of the character of the future poet and his structure of feelings were quietly laid. Here he first learned Russian speech, which later became his destiny, heard poetry, saw living poets and discovered the mysterious world of books. Here he came into contact with history for the first time. Moscow became a huge cradle for his talent, the incomparable city of his childhood.

“Until the age of eleven, he was brought up in his parents’ home,” said Lev Sergeevich Pushkin, the poet’s younger brother. “A passion for poetry manifested itself in him with the first concepts: at the age of eight, already able to read and write, he composed small comedies in French and epigrams to their teachers... In 1811, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum opened, and Pushkin’s father instructed his brother Vasily Lvovich to take him to St. Petersburg to be placed in this institution...” The city of his childhood was left behind.

The road of life led first to the gardens of Tsarskoe Selo, where six painful and unforgettably happy years flew over it, coinciding in the history of Russia with the thunderstorm of the 12th year. Then to the recklessly festive Petersburg of the post-victory years; here he first becomes acquainted with fame. “Then people passed from hand to hand everywhere, corresponded and recited his “Village”, “Ode to Freedom”, “Hurray! Jumps to Russia..." and other little things in the same spirit. There was not a living person who did not know his poems," Pushchin later recalled. From now on, the poet’s fate is forever connected with the fate of those who will soon find themselves on the cold Senate Square...

First link. New impressions, people. Love. New elements - mountains, sea, midday air, steppes; new peoples and countries: Ukraine, Caucasus, Moldova, Crimea. But despite the charm of the breathless southern nights, the wonders of the sea and sky, Pushkin feels like an exile. His heart is sad. “How often in sorrowful separation, in my wandering fate, Moscow, I thought about you!” The new blow drives him even further away from Moscow, although it brings him closer geographically. By order of the supreme authority, the poet goes “for permanent residence to his father’s estate, the village of Mikhailovskoye.” Pushkin finds salvation from sad circumstances, from large and small adversities of a difficult existence in creativity. The central chapters of “Eugene Onegin” were written in Mikhailovsky, “Gypsies” were completed, “Count Nulin” was written, and many lyrical plays were written. "Boris Godunov" began and ended here. “Man and the people. Human destiny, national destiny” - this was, to use the words of Pushkin himself, the theme of this tragedy. On December 14, a little more than a month after the end of Godunov, a real socio-political tragedy unfolded in St. Petersburg - the uprising of his friends and like-minded people was brutally suppressed by forces loyal to the government. “...Your poems are in the papers of each of those who acted,” V. A. Zhukovsky reported to Pushkin in April 1826 about the progress of the investigation of the rebels. On July 13 of the same year, the leaders of the uprising were executed. Pushkin learns about this twelve days later. And a little over a month later, “by order of the Emperor,” he receives an urgent summons to Moscow. To Moscow... What awaits him there?”

Quoted from: Veresaev V. Pushkin in life. St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1995

History in faces

The metric book of the Church of the Epiphany in Elokhov:
May 27. In the courtyard of the college registrar Ivan Vasilyev Skvartsov, his son Alexander was born to his tenant Moyor Sergius Lvovich Pushkin. Baptized on June 8th. The successor Count Artemy Ivanovich Vorontsov, godfather, mother of the said Sergius Pushkin, widow Olga Vasilievna Pushkina

Quoted from: Ashukin N. S. Pushkinskaya Moscow. St. Petersburg: Academic project, 1998. p. 6.

The world at this time

In 1799, the French army under the command of Napoleon set out on the Syrian campaign and besieged Jaffa.



Bonaparte visits the hospital in Jaffa. A.-J. Gro. 1804

“The march to Syria was terribly difficult, especially due to the lack of water. City after city, starting from El-Arish, surrendered to Bonaparte. Having crossed the Isthmus of Suez, he moved to Jaffa and on March 4, 1799, besieged it. The city did not give up. Bonaparte ordered to announce to the population of Jaffa that if the city was taken by storm, then all the inhabitants would be exterminated and no prisoners would be taken. Jaffa did not give up. On March 6, an assault followed, and, having burst into the city, the soldiers began to exterminate literally everyone who came to hand. Houses and shops were given over to plunder. Some time later, when the beatings and plunder were already coming to an end, General Bonaparte was reported that about 4 thousand still surviving Turkish soldiers, fully armed, mostly Arnauts and Albanians by origin, locked themselves in one vast place, fenced off at all ends, and that when the French officers arrived and demanded surrender, these soldiers announced that they would surrender only if they were promised life, otherwise they would defend themselves to the last drop of blood. The French officers promised them captivity, and the Turks left their fortifications and surrendered their weapons. The French locked the prisoners in barns. General Bonaparte was very angry about all this. He believed that there was absolutely no need to promise life to the Turks. “What should I do with them now?” he shouted. “Where do I have supplies to feed them?” There were neither ships to send them by sea from Jaffa to Egypt, nor enough free troops to escort 4 thousand selected, strong soldiers through all the Syrian and Egyptian deserts to Alexandria or Cairo. But Napoleon did not immediately settle on his terrible decision... He hesitated and was lost in thought for three days. However, on the fourth day after the surrender, he gave the order to shoot them all. 4 thousand prisoners were taken to the seashore and here every one of them was shot. “I don’t wish anyone to go through what we experienced when we saw this execution,” says one of the French officers. Immediately after this, Bonaparte moved on to the fortress of Acre, or, as the French more often call it, Saint-Jean d'Acre. The Turks called it Akka. There was no need to hesitate much: the plague was hot on the heels of the French army, and to remain in Jaffa, where and in the houses, and on the streets, and on the roofs, and in the cellars, and in the gardens, and in the vegetable gardens, the untidy corpses of the slaughtered population were rotting; it was, from a hygienic point of view, extremely dangerous.

The siege of Acre lasted exactly two months and ended in failure. Bonaparte had no siege artillery; the defense was led by the Englishman Sydney Smith; The British brought supplies and weapons from the sea; the Turkish garrison was large. It was necessary, after several failed attacks, to lift the siege on May 20, 1799, during which the French lost 3 thousand people. True, the besieged lost even more. After this, the French went back to Egypt.

It should be noted here that Napoleon always (until the end of his days) attached some special, fatal significance to this failure. The Acre fortress was the last, most eastern point of the earth that he was destined to reach. He intended to stay in Egypt for a long time, ordered his engineers to examine the ancient traces of attempts to dig the Suez Canal and draw up a plan for future work on this part. We know that he wrote to the Sultan of Mysore (in the south of India), who was fighting against the British just then, promising help. He had plans for relations and agreements with the Persian Shah. Resistance in Acre, restless rumors of uprisings in Syrian villages left in the rear, between El-Arish and Acre, and most importantly, the impossibility of stretching the communication line so terribly without new reinforcements - all this put an end to the dream of establishing his rule in Syria.

The return journey was even more difficult than the advance, because it was already the end of May and June was approaching, when the terrible heat in these places intensified to an unbearable degree. Bonaparte did not stop long to punish the Syrian villages that he found necessary to punish, just as cruelly as he always did.

It is interesting to note that during this difficult return journey from Syria to Egypt, the commander-in-chief shared with the army all the difficulties of this campaign, without giving himself or his senior commanders any concession. The plague was pressing more and more. The plague-stricken were left behind, but the wounded and those sick from the plague were taken further with them. Bonaparte ordered everyone to dismount, and horses, all carts and carriages to be provided for the sick and wounded. When, after this order, his chief stable manager, convinced that an exception should be made for the commander-in-chief, asked which horse to leave him, Bonaparte flew into a rage, hit the questioner in the face with a whip and shouted: “Everyone go on foot! I’ll go first! What, you Don't you know the order? Get out!" For this and similar actions, the soldiers loved Napoleon more and in his old age remembered Napoleon more often than for all his victories and conquests. He knew this very well and never hesitated in such cases; and none of those who observed it could subsequently decide what and when was a direct movement here, and what was feigned and deliberate. It could be both at the same time, as happens with great actors. And Napoleon was truly great in acting, although at the dawn of his activity, in Toulon, in Italy, in Egypt, this quality of his began to be revealed only to a very few, only to the most insightful of those closest to him. And among his relatives there were few insightful ones at that time.

On June 14, 1799, Bonaparte's army returned to Cairo. But it was not destined for long, if not the entire army, then its commander-in-chief to remain in the country he had conquered and subjugated.

Before Bonaparte had time to rest in Cairo, news came that near Aboukir, where Nelson had destroyed French transports a year before, a Turkish army had landed, sent to liberate Egypt from the French invasion. Now he set out with troops from Cairo and headed north to the Nile Delta. On July 25, he attacked the Turkish army and defeated it. Almost all 15 thousand Turks were killed on the spot. Napoleon ordered not to take prisoners, but to exterminate everyone. “This battle is one of the most beautiful I have ever seen: not a single person was saved from the entire enemy army that landed,” Napoleon solemnly wrote. The French conquest seemed to be completely consolidated for the coming years. An insignificant part of the Turks escaped to English ships. The sea was still at the mercy of the English, but Egypt was more firmly in Bonaparte's hands than ever. And then a sudden, unexpected event occurred. For many months cut off from all communication with Europe, Bonaparte learned amazing news from a newspaper that accidentally fell into his hands: he learned that while he was conquering Egypt, Austria, England, Russia and the Kingdom of Naples resumed the war against France, that Suvorov appeared in Italy, defeated the French, destroyed the Cisalpine Republic, moves towards the Alps, threatens to invade France; in France itself - robberies, unrest, complete disorder; The Directory is hated by the majority, weak and confused. "Scoundrels! Italy is lost! All the fruits of my victories are lost! I need to go!" - he said as soon as he read the newspaper.

The decision was made immediately. He handed over the supreme command of the army to General Kleber, ordered four ships to be equipped hastily and in the strictest secrecy, put about 500 people selected by him on them and on August 23, 1799, left for France, leaving Kleber a large, well-supplied army, operating properly (by himself created) administrative and tax apparatus and the silent, submissive, intimidated population of the huge conquered country.”

Of course, the image of Pushkin as a kind of prototype of Lensky: romantically idealistic, prone to creative impulses of unprecedented strength, sensitively following the standard of righteousness, purity of thoughts and actions - is widespread among connoisseurs of the genius of Alexander Sergeevich. Without pursuing as our goal the desecration and denigration of this magnificent faceless theatrical character in the reader’s imagination, with sincere zeal to reveal the true essence and depth of genius through a thorough analysis of his mental currents, reflected in the lines of many of his works, we will work to humanize the poet named Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

So who are you, Alexander Sergeevich? Birth and childhood

So, let’s refresh our memory a little on the biographical nuances that can shed light on the personality of the non-trivial Russian classic. From these sources we will find information about where Pushkin was born and when. Opening any of them, we read: Pushkin was born in Moscow, on the 26th day of the month of May, the year 1799. The house where Pushkin was born does not survive to this day, but its supposed location is known: the then Nemetskaya Street, now Bauman, 10.

The very knowledge that Pushkin was born in the city of Moscow can describe the poet’s personality very indirectly, except to emphasize his love for this city, manifested in all the diversity of the many warm lines dedicated to him. Without focusing our attention on these details, let us indulge in further research into the personality of Alexander Sergeevich.

Childhood. Let's take a closer look here. Alexander was given to be nursed, according to the fashion of that time, to a serf peasant nurse,

The care of him was distributed by his parents among numerous nannies. The future poet’s entire childhood was spent in the company of educators and teachers, as well as his maternal grandmother Maria Alekseevna and the well-known Arina Rodionovna, Pushkin’s nanny, whose vivid image is outlined in every literature textbook.

Parents did not pay their children, among whom Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was the eldest son, proper attention, limiting themselves to punishing the latter for disobedience. Parental affection was in short supply in the house where Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born.

At the same time, being under the age of six, Alexander had already read most of his father’s library, which contained many novels of pornographic and erotic genres by French writers. And the presence at the poetry evenings of little Sasha Pushkin, often organized by his daddy Sergei Lvovich, where often not the most decent poems of the tabloid genre were read, were also imprinted in the developing consciousness of the boy.

Often biographers give a secondary role to this tender period of the poet’s life. Nevertheless, the very origins of genius are hidden, from the point of view of psychoanalysis, precisely in these. It is here that colossal creative potential is formed, requiring release and constant improvement of the instrument of its implementation, namely the syllable. Lack contributes to the development of remarkable narcissism, hysterical temperament and disdain for the feminine principle that offended the young man.

Lyceum years

At the age of 12, Pushkin departs with joyful feelings of deliverance from parental tyranny. Here the boy’s first social relationships with peers, warm friendships and first loves will be formed. And here, where Pushkin was born as a poet, the perfection of his youth will overtake him, accompanied by the stormy activity of vulgar and pornographic poetry, dictated by the specifics of this wonderful age. Biographers prefer to mention this aspect of Pushkin’s work in passing.

Numerous epigrams and poems, often riddled with phrases that are incorrect for quotation and outright obscenities, contrast with the first romantically sublime lines that appeared parallel to them.

The last years of the lyceum, marked by the highest degree of freedom that allowed movement outside the educational institution, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin spends in the company of the hussars settled throughout Tsarskoe Selo. This society gives preference to the poet over the boring poetry evenings where other lyceum students spend their time. Sexual maturation, which has reached perfection, has revealed the remarkable erotic temperament inherited from exotic African ancestors, which recently drove Alexander to a frenzy, finally finds its realization. Here the first sensual contacts take place with representatives of the ancient profession, who also adored the company of the hussars.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Psychoanalytic portrait

The further biography of Alexander Sergeevich will be more confusing, tied to certain traits of his character, since there are a great many sources of information on this topic. Our task is not a biography, but a description of the poet’s personality through the reconstruction of his internal conflicts, experiences and values.

Examining the poet’s work, his correspondence, biography and characteristics given to him by his contemporaries, psychoanalysts have embellished the colorless, idealized portrait of the great poet. In their opinion, the family where Pushkin was born “gave” him huge emotional wounds, which became the reason for the discovery of his poetic gift as a way to get rid of the pain caused by them. Their prosaic terms will be explained in the text below, but for now, just a statement.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a bearer of a pronounced Oedipus complex. It manifests itself in rivalry with men and reaching

Painful craving for female attention.

Personality type - hysterical: constant mood swings, hot temper, hypersensitivity, compensated by feigned cynicism and rudeness, high level of sexuality, accompanied by erotic aggression, inconstancy in the choice of partners, friends, as well as in views and life positions; narcissism, manifested by high self-esteem, along with painful self-esteem and an attitude towards criticism.

This is a saying - not a fairy tale, a fairy tale will come

It must be repeated that these non-poetic, psychoanalytic dry characteristics cannot be considered as criticism of the poet or an attempt to belittle him in the eyes of the reader. They should be considered in a dynamic general portrait of A. S. Pushkin. Let's get on with it.

Beloved Alexander Sergeevich

So, according to the testimony of Alexander Sergeevich’s closest friends, the latter was not distinguished by Christian benefactors. Violent passions, successfully practiced in brothels, brothels and other seedy places, ruled his entire life and youth in particular. Neither years of exile nor poverty stopped him,

Accompanying him almost all his life, not even with Natalie Goncharova. With the zeal characteristic of a hysterical personality, he indulged in bodily pleasures every single night. Objects of adoration quickly became boring and were replaced by new ones - eternal hunger.

It should be noted that the objects of Alexander Sergeevich’s adoration were divided into two incompatible categories, tearing his poetic consciousness into two parts. If the first of them includes the type of women described above, then the second includes the few who were able to win the poet’s heart. Each of them lifted him to the skies, made him cry, and encouraged him to write brilliant lines. Pushkin loved with all his heart and, as a hypersensitive person, suffered greatly, indulging in torment with all the pain if he did not find reciprocity.

But with all this, his feelings were not eternal, just as representatives of the first category could not captivate the poet for long. In a letter to his brother, Pushkin, comparing himself with Petrarch, does not find any similarities and writes about his inability to love only one woman.

The tendency of the hysterical personality of A. S. Pushkin to humiliate his lovers, which finds direct realization in his love for women of easy virtue, in the case of women of the upper class is manifested in the disclosure of intimate secrets, a contemptuous attitude towards them at the end of the novel, as well as the writing of cynical and caustic epigrams about them.

Cards

The poet's second passion was playing cards. Pushkin was a very gambling person. His poverty had its origins in his addiction rather than in his inability to get rich. Alexander Pushkin squandered all his fees in the houses of Igretsy, where the twin brother of his lust, passion, was born. With the lack of sense of proportion characteristic of hysterics, he indulged in the game entirely. His losses sometimes amounted to tens of thousands of rubles per night. For the same reasons, he almost never got out of debt.

Appearance

Almost all contemporaries who ever described Pushkin’s appearance did not mention his external beauty. Moreover, in a famous verse Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin remarks about himself: “an ugly descendant of blacks.” This phrase is certainly exaggerated, but it has a grain of truth. With the pain characteristic of narcissists, they accept any hint of his ugliness.

A. S. Pushkin had the following external characteristics: height - 166 centimeters, broad in the shoulders, gray-blue eyes, snow-white teeth, thick lips, but a beautiful smile, a somewhat elongated nose. In addition, Pushkin wore long, well-groomed nails. Manicure had not yet become fashionable at that time, so they were most often compared to animal claws. However, nothing forced him to get rid of his nails; he valued them very much.

Character

Explosive and changeable, in one minute able to replace ringing laughter with deep thoughts - Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin seemed to have several personalities within himself at the same time. The versatility of his emotions had no place in one chest: first one, then the other, taking over his thoughts, quickly replaced each other. Some friends noticed in him a certain infusion of the devil himself: more often than not, cheerful and witty, he could suddenly explode with anger over any little thing, which resulted in frequent duels, appointed by himself.

He was not afraid of death. During duels, while waiting for his opponent’s shot, Pushkin smiled cynically, writing another epigram, hummed something indifferently, or even, as during the Bessarabian exile, ate cherries.

He had a sarcastic and cynical mind, at the same time childishly playful and cheerful. And again, these two characteristics were replaced by rancor and vindictiveness. Pushkin’s character was too multifaceted to be summarized in a few lines.

However, this frantic play of contradictions gave rise to his comprehensive inspiration, causing suffering to the poet himself, and this turned into creative potential.

Savor

Alexander Sergeevich's pride was his aristocratic origin. Any disrespectful mention of his illustrious ancestors or doubts about his (Pushkin’s) nobility immediately caused a storm of indignation on the part of the poet, ending in a duel.

One of Pushkin’s friends once noted in a letter that the aristocratic society in which he sought to occupy an equal position accepted him only as an artist, not as an equal. In addition, having no fortune, it was difficult for him to conquer high society, but as a poet he enjoyed enormous popularity.

Pushkin adored theater, music, social evenings and balls, intellectual conversations and poetry evenings. He was an excellent dancer and a great conversationalist. His

They always invited him and valued him as a guest.

Creation

All of Pushkin’s work is divided into two parts, just like he himself. The first is sublime and pompous, glorifying him throughout the world as a great master of words. The second, according to critics, often hidden from readers, is not aesthetically valuable. We are talking about pornographic poetry and vulgar epigrams. To understand what Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is, one cannot exclude them from attention, since knowing half of Pushkin’s work means trying to understand half a poet, half a man.

In general terms, Pushkin can be characterized not by the likeness of Lensky, not by Onegin, but by the duel between them. An eternal duel, where the cynic Onegin always wins over the amorous idealist Lensky. A mortal fight where Pushkin was born again and again...

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow, in the family of a retired major, hereditary nobleman, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin. Mother Nadezhda Osipovna was the great-granddaughter of Abram Hannibal, the famous “Arap”. It was from his mother and her African roots that Pushkin inherited his hot temper, unbridled love of life, and his poetic talent allowed him to masterfully transfer passionate thoughts onto paper, infecting his contemporaries and descendants with his feelings.

In addition to Sasha, the family had two more children: Lev and Olga. Alexander's parents were very educated people even by the standards of their time, when the entire secular society was characterized by knowledge of Latin and French, foreign and domestic history, and literature. The house was constantly visited by prominent creative personalities: artists, poets, musicians.

Parents of Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich’s home education was excellent, but it is unlikely that the study of French literature could have given the world the poet we all know and love, with his reverent attitude towards the history of Rus', folk tales, legends, traditions and the Russian people. For this love of Pushkin for everything Russian, special thanks go to his grandmother, in whose village he spent a lot of time. Maria Alekseevna herself spoke and wrote only in Russian, and it was she who hired the nanny Arina Rodionovna into her service.

Thanks to his nanny's fairy tales, stories, her melodious speech and sincere love, the little boy got used to the sound of folk speech, its natural beauty and poetry. Subsequently, this made it possible to balance the typically “French” upbringing and education, which was then characteristic of all noble Russia. Young Pushkin even wrote his first poem in French.

Alexander Pushkin with nanny Arina Rodionovna

However, the reason for this was not only the love of a foreign language, but also the exotic nationality of the African great-great-grandfather. It was origin and heredity that largely influenced the formation of the poet’s hot character and bright appearance.

As a child, Sasha not only studied language and other sciences from French tutors, but also listened to Arina Rodionovna’s fairy tales. The boy read a lot, educating himself. He had at his complete disposal his father’s magnificent library, books from the library of the Buturlin family and his uncle Vasily Lvovich.

It was in the company of his uncle that twelve-year-old Pushkin first came to the capital St. Petersburg in order to enter the newly opened Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. The Lyceum was under the patronage of the imperial family and was located in a wing adjacent to the Catherine Palace. Alexander was among the first thirty students who studied various wisdom within its walls.

The educational system used at the lyceum was truly revolutionary. Noble boys from the best families were taught the humanities by young, enthusiastic teachers, and a friendly and relaxed atmosphere reigned in the lyceum itself. The teaching proceeded without corporal punishment, which was already an innovation.

At the Lyceum, Pushkin quickly became friends with the other students. His classmates were Delvig, Kuchelbecker, Pushchin, and Alexander Sergeevich managed to preserve and carry this innocent, sincere youthful friendship throughout his life, preserving the most pleasant and enthusiastic memories of his Lyceum years.

Students of the first graduating class, which was later recognized as the most successful, listened to lectures by eminent professors, and their exams were regularly taken by members of the Academy of Sciences and teachers of the Pedagogical Institute.

The students themselves devoted a lot of time to creativity, publishing handwritten journals. The young men organized a circle of poets and short story writers; its members gathered in the evenings and composed poems impromptu. Subsequently, three of Pushkin's friends and classmates became Decembrists, two of them were convicted (Pushchin and Kuchelbecker). Alexander Sergeevich himself miraculously managed to avoid participating in the uprising (mainly through the efforts of his friends).

Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Pushchin and Wilhelm Kuchelbecker

Even then, the poetic talent of young Pushkin was highly appreciated by friends, and soon he was noticed by such luminaries as Batyushkov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin and Karamzin. In 1815, Alexander, while taking an exam, read the poem “Memories in Tsarskoe Selo” in the presence of Derzhavin. The elderly poet was delighted.

Service and career

In 1817, Alexander Pushkin entered the College of Foreign Affairs. By that time, the poet’s family had moved to the capital. The Pushkins lived in Kolomna, on the Fontanka, occupying an apartment of seven rooms on the third floor. Pushkin lived here from 1817 to 1820. It is believed that it was in this apartment that the poet wrote the works that brought him fame: the ode “Liberty” and the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

The College of Foreign Affairs was located on the Promenade des Anglais, in the building of the current Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The young diplomat's colleagues were his fellow lyceum students Kuchelbecker, Korsakov and Gorchakov. The poet was of little interest to his diplomatic career, but he regularly visited his place of service from 1817 to 1824. Alexander Sergeevich then used the acquired knowledge in “Notes on Russian History of the 13th Century,” written in 1822.

Pushkin was attracted by the turbulent metropolitan life, which seemed especially attractive and interesting to the freedom-loving poet by nature after his voluntary imprisonment within the walls of the lyceum. It was not for nothing that its graduates jokingly called this educational institution a monastery - its rules were so strict, isolating students from the outside world.

The poet's social circle was very diverse: he was friends with hussars and poets, with artists and musicians, fell in love, fought duels, visited theaters, fashionable restaurants, salons, and literary circles. Women always occupied one of the main places in his life and work, and especially in his youth. Pushkin admired his muses and dedicated poems to them, extolling their spiritual qualities. The heartfelt experiences of young Alexander Sergeevich were for the most part sublime, platonic in nature.

The marriage proposal to the Olenins’ youngest daughter, Anna, dates back to this period. Pushkin often visited the Olenins’ mansion on Fontanka, where the entire literary world of St. Petersburg gathered. Having been rejected by Anna Olenina, the poet soon met a new muse, the niece of the mistress of the house, Anna Kern. He subsequently dedicated the poem “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” to her.

First "southern" link

In the society of that time there was a general uplift of spirit caused by pride in their people on the wave of victory over. At the same time, free and dangerous ideas, not just advanced, but revolutionary, were fermenting in the minds of outstanding people. This freedom-loving spirit was also absorbed by Pushkin, who was a member of one of the radical literary circles “Green Lamp”. The result was the unpublished, but well-known to the general St. Petersburg public, poems “Liberty”, “Village”, “On Arakcheev”.

The consequences were not long in coming. The young poet fell out of favor with the emperor and was threatened with exile to Siberia. Thanks to the cares and efforts of friends, the Siberian exile was replaced by southern exile, and on May 6, 1820, the poet left for a new place of service under the command of Lieutenant General I.N. Inzova.

During the period of “wanderings” from 1820 to 1824, Pushkin had a chance to visit various cities and villages of the Russian Empire:

• Ekaterinoslav;
• Taman;
• Kerch;
• Feodosia;
• Gurzuf;
• Bakhchisaray;
• Simferopol;
• Chisinau;
• Kamenka;
• Ackerman;
• Bendery;
• Ishmael;
• Kyiv;
• Odessa.

Alexander Pushkin at the Black Sea

The result of these official travels were rich impressions and emotions that inspired the poet to a number of poetic and prose works. During the period of southern exile, Pushkin wrote the poems “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”, “Gypsies”, “Gavriliada”. In Crimea, Alexander Sergeevich first conceived the idea of ​​“Eugene Onegin”, work on which he began already in Chisinau.

In Kamenka, the disgraced poet managed to become close to members of a secret society, and in Chisinau he was even accepted into the Masonic lodge.

Pushkin arrived in Odessa, with its opera, restaurants and theaters, as a famous romantic poet, who was called the “singer of the Caucasus.” However, in Odessa, Alexander Sergeevich did not immediately develop a relationship with his superiors, Count M.S. Vorontsov.

There were rumors about the poet's affair with the count's wife, who soon found a way to eliminate the unwanted subordinate. The Moscow police opened a letter from Pushkin, where he admitted his passion for atheism, which was immediately reported to the Emperor. In 1824, Alexander Sergeevich was removed from service, and he went to his mother’s estate, the village of Mikhailovskoye.

Mikhailovskoe

The return to his father's house turned into another exile for the poet. His own father supervised his own son, and such a life for the freedom-loving Alexander Sergeevich was simply unbearable. As a result of a serious conflict with his father, the entire family, including mother, brother and sister, left Mikhailovskoye and moved to the capital. Pushkin was left alone in the company of Arina Rodionovna.

Despite the depressed state and despondency, during the two years spent in Mikhailovsky, the poet worked hard and fruitfully. Pushkin was alien to the usual “landowner” amusements. He read a lot, filling in the gaps in his home and lyceum education. The poet constantly ordered books from the capital, which were inspected by the police, his letters were also opened and read.

Under these conditions, “Caucasian Prisoner”, “Boris Godunov”, “Count Nulin”, many poems were written (including “Winter Morning”, “Napoleon”, “Song of the Prophetic Oleg”), a number of articles, several chapters of “Eugene Onegin".

The news of the uprising on December 14, 1825, in the organization of which many of the poet’s friends and acquaintances participated, took Alexander Sergeevich by surprise. The likelihood that the disgraced Pushkin would have taken part in the uprising was so great that his friends deceived him by giving the wrong date for the impending coup and preserving the great poet for the Motherland. Many participants in the rebellion were exiled to Siberia, and the main instigators were hanged.

Mature years

The emperor who ascended the throne pardoned the disgraced poet, returning him from exile, and allowed him to live where he pleased. Nicholas decided to publicly “forgive” Pushkin, hoping to drown out the discontent in society caused by the arrests and execution of the most progressive part of the noble youth after the events of December 14. From now on, the tsar himself became the official censor of all manuscripts of Alexander Sergeevich, and this process was controlled by the head of the III department of the chancellery, Benkendorf.

From 1826 to 1828, Pushkin repeatedly asked the sovereign for permission to travel abroad or to the Caucasus, but his requests remained unanswered. As a result, the poet left on his own without permission, for which he received a severe reprimand upon his return. The result of the trip was the poems “Collapse”, “Caucasus”, “On the Hills of Georgia...” and the essay “Journey to Arzrum”.

At the same time, Alexander Sergeevich met Natalya Goncharova and fell in love with her recklessly. All his women, loves and novels faded in comparison with the young beauty, who became the poet’s most passionate and desired dream. From that moment on, Pushkin’s once stormy personal life focused on the only lady of his heart - as he affectionately called his bride.

Marriage and family

The situation with the marriage proposal was complicated by a number of facts. Pushkin's parents and the parents of his future wife were in very straitened circumstances, if not on the verge of ruin. The Goncharovs could not give any dowry for their beautiful daughter, and this was considered bad manners in high society. The poet's father could hardly allocate for his son one village of two hundred peasant souls, which was located near his family estate in Boldino.

Pushkin had to go to Boldino to take ownership of Kistenevka. The poet planned to subsequently pawn her to collect a dowry for his bride. On September 3, 1830, Alexander Sergeevich arrived in Boldino (before that he lived either in St. Petersburg or in Moscow). Pushkin intended to quickly finish things off, return to Moscow to Natalie and have a wedding, for which he had already received the personal blessing of the sovereign.

However, the groom's plans were ruined by a cholera epidemic. Because of this terrible disease, the roads from Boldin to Moscow, as well as everywhere in the central part of Russia, were blocked. This involuntary seclusion gave the world many wonderful poems, stories and poems, among which were “The Peasant Young Lady”, “Shot”, “Blizzard”, “The Miserly Knight”, “A Feast in the Time of Plague”, “The History of the Village of Goryukhin” and other masterpieces .

Pushkin admitted that he always loved autumn and winter more; during the cold season, he usually experienced an extraordinary surge of energy and a desire to write. Pushkin scholars called the period from September to December 1830 the Boldino autumn. It became a golden time for Alexander Sergeevich, who worked with inspiration far from the bustle of the capitals and everyday worries.

Pushkin managed to return to Moscow only on December 5, and on February 18, 1831, he finally got married to Natalya Goncharova. At the moment of the exchange of rings, the ring that the poet was holding slipped out of his hands, and the candle went out. Pushkin considered this a bad omen, but was still immensely happy.

At first, the newlyweds lived in Moscow, in a house on Arbat, but then the newly-made husband quarreled with his mother-in-law, and the Pushkins left. For some time they rented a wooden house in Tsarskoe Selo, so dear to the poet’s heart. In addition, Nicholas I expressed a desire for Pushkin’s wife to grace the court balls that the emperor gave in the Catherine Palace.

Natalya Nikolaevna responded to her husband’s ardent passion with calm and quiet love, she was smart, aristocratic, virtuous, behaved well in society and plunged headlong into running the household, giving birth and raising children. From 1832 to 1836, the Pushkins had two daughters and two sons: Maria, Alexander, Grigory and Natalya.

The father of such a large family had to literally break into pieces to feed his wife, children, his wife’s two sisters, organize parties and go out into the world, attending salons and balls. Having moved to St. Petersburg, in the summer of 1831 Alexander Sergeevich again entered the service. At the same time, he continued to work hard, because the publication of poems and novels also brought in a small income. During this period, the poem “Eugene Onegin” was completed, “Boris Godunov” was written, “Dubrovsky” and “The History of Pugachev” were conceived.

Duel and death

In 1833, the emperor granted Alexander Pushkin the title of chamber cadet. The poet was deeply offended, since this title was given only to fledgling youths, and he was already thirty-five. At the same time, the title of chamber cadet gave access to the court, and Nicholas wanted Natalya Pushkina to attend the imperial balls. As for Natalie herself, who was only twenty-two years old, she passionately wanted to dance, shine and catch admiring glances.

While the emperor was platonically courting Natalya Nikolaevna, Alexander Sergeevich tried in vain to improve his financial affairs. He took out loan after loan from the sovereign, published The History of Pugachev, then took up the publication of the Sovremennik magazine, which published works by Gogol, Vyazemsky, Turgenev, Zhukovsky and Pushkin himself. However, all his projects turned out to be unprofitable, and the debt to the treasury was increasing.

The year 1836 turned out to be unlucky for Alexander Sergeevich. He worked hard trying to get out of debt. In the spring his mother died, and the poet was very sad. This was followed by gossip related to the name of Natalya Nikolaevna and the French guard Baron Dantes, who without hesitation courted Pushkin’s wife.

The first duel, through the efforts of the poet’s friends, still did not take place, although Alexander Sergeevich was ready to defend the honor of his Natalie, of whose loyalty he was absolutely sure, with arms in his hands.

Soon rumors spread throughout the capital again, and Heckern himself was intriguing against Pushkin and his wife, trying to discredit both. The enraged poet sent the ambassador an insulting letter. Heckern did not have the opportunity to personally fight a duel, since this would mean the collapse of his diplomatic career, and Dantes, speaking in defense of his adoptive father, challenged Alexander Sergeevich to a duel.

"Pushkin's Duel with Dantes." Artist A. A. Naumov, 1884

The fateful meeting of the opponents took place on January 27, 1837 on the Black River. The bullet fired by the Frenchman pierced the femoral neck and hit Pushkin in the stomach. This was the cause of the poet’s death, since at that time such a wound was incurable. Alexander Sergeevich lived in terrible torment for two days.

Without losing courage and presence of mind, Pushkin corresponded with the emperor, who promised to take care of his family, confessed to the priest, said goodbye to his loved ones and died on January 29 (February 10 - new style) 1837.

The grave of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

The funeral service for the sun of Russian poetry was held in the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands, and the funeral took place on February 6 in the Svyatogorsk Monastery. The poet's grave, according to his wishes, is located next to his mother's grave.

After Pushkin's death, grateful descendants erected many monuments in his honor. There are about forty of them in St. Petersburg and Moscow alone.

After the poet’s death, many legends appeared related to his life, work and even death. Thus, one of our contemporaries, living in Canada, put forward a version according to which Pushkin is one and the same person. However, no matter how much one would like to extend the life of Alexander Sergeevich, this legend does not stand up to criticism.

The information that Pushkin and I are distant relatives is absolutely true. The great-grandmother of Alexander Sergeevich and the great-great-grandmother of Lev Nikolaevich were sisters.

Alexander Sergeevich actually has poems with obscenities and profanity (usually publishers replace these words with spaces and dots), as well as rather vulgar comic poems.

Bibliography

Poems:

• "Ruslan and Ludmila";
• "Prisoner of the Caucasus";
• "Gabriiliada";
• "Vadim";
• "Robber Brothers";
• "Bakhchisarai Fountain";
• "Gypsies";
• "Count Nulin";
• "Poltava";
• "Tazit";
• "House in Kolomna";
• "Yezersky";
• "Angelo";
• "Bronze Horseman.

Novel in verse

• "Eugene Onegin"

Dramatic works

• "Boris Godunov"

Little tragedies:

• "The Stingy Knight"
• "Mozart and Salieri";
• "The Stone Guest";
• "Feast in Time of Plague";
• "Mermaid".

Prose:

• "Arap of Peter the Great";
• "Shot";
• "Blizzard";
• "Undertaker";
• "Stationmaster";
• “The young lady-peasant;
• “History of the village of Goryukhin”;
• "Roslavlev";
• "Dubrovsky";
• "Queen of Spades";
• "The History of Pugachev";
• "Egyptian Nights";
• “Journey to Arzrum during the campaign of 1829”;
• "Captain's daughter".

Fairy tales:

• "Groom";
• “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda”;
• "The Tale of the Bear";
• “The Tale of Tsar Saltan, his glorious son and the mighty hero Prince Guidon Saltanovich and the beautiful swan princess”;
• "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish";
• “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”;
• "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel."

783 poems

Birthday number “2” symbolizes balance in mood, behavior, actions, gentleness and tactfulness of character, the search for compromises, smoothing out sharp corners, acute problems. Internal contradictions, excessive prudence, eternal advice to friends and others can prevent you from understanding your own affairs.

Number 2 is antithesis, balance, contrast. It is between light and darkness, good and evil, heat and cold, wealth and poverty, life and death.
You can accept all circumstances as they are, adapt to them, and come to terms with them. You can avoid extremes, any uncertainty and excessive generosity.
It’s great that you think and care not only about others, but also about yourself. You are good designers and advisers, but not performers.

Number 2 people are usually gentle, artistic and charming, easily adapting to circumstances. They are often characterized by passivity and detachment. They are more prone to thinking than to action. They are characterized by ingenuity and intuition, but they do not often succeed in implementing their plans. These people are often susceptible to depression. They establish very good relationships with people of number 1.

The lucky day of the week for number 2 is Monday.

Your planet is the Moon

Important:

Tact, diplomacy, peacefulness.
Two endows its owners with gentleness and passivity, emotionality and physical health. It encourages a person to live by desires and passions, and provokes emotional disorders and depression. Patronizes women, motherhood, psychologists, working with the subconscious and meditation, as well as people living on rent and actors. It helps to make savings in the material world, but is not the number of bankers.

Love and sex:

Home life is very important for these people, so their partners must have common sense. Sexual passion can fade into the background, giving way to genuine respect and love. Moreover, its absence will not make married life any less happy in the long run. These are very loyal natures and in return they require absolute loyalty. As long as they feel that they are loved and needed, everything is fine, but as soon as doubts creep in, they instantly become jealous and can resort to cruel revenge in their quest to save the family.

Birth number for a woman

Birth number 2 for a woman Such a woman is sociable and charming, revealing herself most fully during close relationships. The more trusting the relationship, the more harmonious her life is. She is vulnerable to other people's feelings and emotions. He does not accept assertiveness towards himself. Does not tolerate clarification of relationships and conflicts. Capable of blindly following the thoughts and desires of her partner. Hobbies, dreams and intimate relationships occupy an important place in her life. She can invent for herself the image of an ideal man and project it onto every partner she meets. Fiction and a sense of mystery are necessary for her in her intimate life. Turning her sexual fantasies into reality makes her a delightful woman. She gladly accepts signs of attention, but is able to quickly change her mind and break off the relationship. She is characterized by duality: depth and superficiality of feelings, constancy and frivolity. Her inconsistency and sometimes neurotic behavior complicate her relationship with her partner. Many men will accept the warmth of her soul with pleasure. She often makes a good wife and housewife. Expensive gifts and comfort are more interesting to her than intellectual conversations.

Birth number for a man

Birth number 2 for a man Such a man loves society and communication, has spontaneity and trustfulness. His heart is open to the feelings of other people, and his mind is tuned to the perception of the world around him. He is like a sponge, absorbing other people's problems. Appreciates beauty and femininity and easily succumbs to the charm of appearance. Lives by feelings and often falls in love. He adapts well to changing events. When the reality of a relationship weighs on him, he withdraws into himself. Can be charming and seductive, convincing and insightful. Capable of being caring and faithful, but can also be domineering, demanding, stubborn, and jealous. The main thing in a relationship with him is not to rush things. A woman who shares his tastes and is constantly nearby, inspires him, shares all his concerns and interests with him is suitable for him. Emotional attachment plays a major role in relationships for him. Values ​​comfort and stability most of all. This is a loving and devoted partner, but too predictable and therefore boring.

Birth number 6

Magnetic personality and enormous sex appeal. They may be physically imperfect, but at the same time have a striking appearance and have phenomenal charm. By their manners and demeanor they attract people of the opposite sex, just as a flame attracts moths. Romantics and idealists. They become almost slaves to their lovers. They are very sensitive to the atmosphere, surround themselves with beautiful things if they have enough money for this. The rich can become philanthropists.

All these people live rich emotional lives. Their sex life is carefully balanced; they love equally with body and soul. Ardent and passionate lovers. Aesthetes love everything beautiful. Those who are sincere in their affections do not betray their fans. They sigh for the ideal, but love real people. They think clearly, are decisive and firm in the implementation of their plans. Their idealism and romanticism are organically combined with practicality and hard work in any business. They are close to ideal. They can go to extremes: their hatred for those who betrayed them is great. At the same time, their vindictiveness and hostility can increase over time to the extreme.

They should develop the ability to control their temperament. These people are good as friends, but you must beware of making them your enemies. If they get angry, they may lose control of themselves. Having overcome this disadvantage, they can become the most pleasant people to communicate and work with.
You should pay attention to the ear, throat, nose.

Pythagorean square or psychomatrix

The qualities listed in the cells of the square can be strong, average, weak or absent, it all depends on the number of numbers in the cell.

Decoding the Pythagorean Square (cells of the square)

Character, willpower - 3

Energy, charisma - 1

Cognition, creativity - 1

Health, beauty - 0

Logic, intuition - 0

Hard work, skill - 3

Luck, luck - 1

Call of Duty 2

Memory, mind - 2

Decoding the Pythagorean Square (rows, columns and diagonals of the square)

The higher the value, the more pronounced the quality.

Self-esteem (column “1-2-3”) - 5

Making money (column “4-5-6”) - 3

Talent potential (column “7-8-9”) - 5

Determination (line “1-4-7”) - 4

Family (line “2-5-8”) - 3

Stability (line “3-6-9”) - 6

Spiritual potential (diagonal “1-5-9”) - 5

Temperament (diagonal “3-5-7”) - 2

Chinese zodiac sign Goat

Every 2 years the Element of the year changes (fire, earth, metal, water, wood). The Chinese astrological system divides years into active, stormy (Yang) and passive, calm (Yin).

You Goat elements Earth of the year Yin

Birth hours

24 hours correspond to the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac. The sign of the Chinese horoscope of birth corresponds to the time of birth, so it is very important to know the exact time of birth; it has a strong impact on a person’s character. It is argued that by looking at your birth horoscope you can accurately determine the characteristics of your character.

The most striking manifestation of the qualities of the hour of birth will occur if the symbol of the hour of birth coincides with the symbol of the year. For example, a person born in the year and hour of the Horse will display the maximum qualities prescribed for this sign.

• Rat – 23:00 – 01:00
• Bull – 1:00 – 3:00
• Tiger – 3:00 – 5:00
• Rabbit – 5:00 – 7:00
• Dragon – 7:00 – 9:00
• Snake – 09:00 – 11:00
• Horse – 11:00 – 13:00
• Goat – 13:00 – 15:00
• Monkey – 15:00 – 17:00
• Rooster – 17:00 – 19:00
• Dog – 19:00 – 21:00
• Pig – 21:00 – 23:00

European zodiac sign Gemini

Dates: 2013-05-21 -2013-06-21

The four Elements and their Signs are distributed as follows: Fire(Aries, Leo and Sagittarius), Earth(Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn), Air(Gemini, Libra and Aquarius) and Water(Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces). Since the elements help to describe the main character traits of a person, by including them in our horoscope, they help to form a more complete picture of a particular person.

Features of this element are warmth and humidity, flexibility, divisibility, adaptability. In the Zodiac, these qualities correspond to the air trine (triangle): Gemini, Libra and Aquarius. The trine of Air is considered the trine of ideas and intellectuality. Principle: exchange, contact.
Air determines contacts and relationships. The element of Air endows a person with such qualities as mobility, activity, liveliness, changeability, flexibility, agility, receptivity, omnipresence, limitlessness, curiosity. The air is independent, free. It is responsible for the basic processes on Earth - movement, reproduction, procreation, that is, for the transmission of life.
People whose horoscopes express the element of Air have a sanguine temperament. Such people can make an impression. They are quick in decisions and deeds, easily and quickly grasp any information, then pass it all on to other people, processed in their own way. They instantly adapt to any changes and changes in life. They are characterized by spiritual flexibility, mental lability, mental mobility, they are tireless as long as they are passionate about something. The monotony tires them.
The character flaws of people of the Air element include a lack of thoroughness and depth in the sphere of thinking, in the sphere of feelings and activity; they are very unreliable and cannot be relied on. They are too superficial, nervous, indecisive, their goals and plans constantly fluctuate and change. But they can present their shortcomings as advantages.
Not a single trine has such abilities for diplomacy and a secular lifestyle as the Air trine. He is a virtuoso in the ability to establish numerous and varied connections, to grasp, connect and use heterogeneous information. Air people do not tolerate a sedentary lifestyle, business routine, and most often do not have a stable profession, unless it is related to information, travel and contacts.
People of the Air trigon have the greatest success in the field of science, technology, the world of art, especially literature. And journalism is simply their element. The best helpers of these people in their work are their constant desire for more and more new impressions, new experiences, continuous exchange of thoughts and ideas, views and opinions with the people around them and their ability to establish quick connections and contacts. Their ideal is to be at the center of all events.
Most often, people of the Air element do not fit into the generally accepted framework because of their craving for freedom, they do not like obligations, and avoid excessive dramatization of relationships. Even ordinary family life may seem like a certain “cross” for them, from which they will try to escape or at least alleviate it.
Monotony and monotony are their worst enemy, so crises in the sphere of love and marriage are a common story for them. Their superficial feelings can quickly ignite and be inspired, and close contacts can begin even from the first meeting and with the first person they meet, but all this will continue exactly until they meet the next object of delight and admiration, until a new reason for inspiration and passion.
Parents and educators of children of the Air trine should pay special attention to their excessive idealism, superficiality of thinking, and susceptibility to other people's influence. Therefore, it is necessary to lay in them as early as possible that moral core that will be their support in life. Since the child of this trine is very susceptible to both bad and good influences, it is very important who is next to him. The role of parents in choosing friends is very important. You need to be in constant contact with such a child, participate in his affairs and be nearby during rest, then the spiritual connection between parents and child will remain until the end of his life.
The greatest advantage of people of this element is the ability to contact the outside world, the ability to connect people and circumstances, and the greatest danger is mental and spiritual fragmentation, which often causes unnecessary worries and disappointments.

Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius and Pisces. The mutable cross is the cross of reason, connection, adaptation, distribution. The main quality is the transformation of ideas. He is always here and now, that is, in the present. It gives mobility, flexibility, adaptability, flexibility, duality. People in whose horoscopes the Sun, Moon or most of the personal planets are in mutable signs have diplomatic abilities. They have a flexible mind and subtle intuition. They are usually very careful, prudent, vigilant and constantly in a state of anticipation, which helps them adapt to any situation. The main thing for them is to have information. When they feel not very competent or informed in any matter, they are excellent at evading and dodging everyone and everything, although they are considered the most knowledgeable of the entire Zodiac. They are sociable, courteous, talkative, and interesting conversationalists. They easily and skillfully give up positions, admit their mistakes and blunders, and agree with their opponents and interlocutors. People with a mutable cross strive for internal harmony, agreement, mediation and cooperation, but are subject to strong internal anxiety and outside influence. Their greatest passion is curiosity, which forces them to be in constant motion. Their views and worldview are rather unstable and depend on the environment. They often lack their own point of view. This partly explains the reasons for their imbalance and inconstancy, the changes in their lives. The true goals and plans of these people are difficult to predict, but they almost accurately guess the plans of others. They take advantage of every opportunity that can bring them benefit or profit, and skillfully manage to circumvent the blows of fate. People with a mutable cross are born realists. To achieve their goal, they use numerous friends, acquaintances, neighbors, relatives, co-workers, even strangers. Life crises are easily experienced and quickly forgotten. If there is no direct path to a life goal, then they will take a circuitous path, thinking through every step, avoiding all visible sharp corners, avoiding all pitfalls. What helps them is their natural cunning and slyness, flattery and deception, and ability to deceive. Mutable signs will help out of any abnormal, unusual situation; such a situation will not make them nervous, they will only feel their element, in which they can finally act. At the same time, their psyche and nervous system are very unstable. Serious obstacles can quickly incapacitate them, unsettle them and delay the achievement of their goals. In this case, they do not resist, but go with the flow.

Watch a video:

Gemini | 13 zodiac signs | TV channel TV-3

The site provides condensed information about the zodiac signs. Detailed information can be found on the relevant websites.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26 (June 6), 1799 in Moscow, in the German settlement. The birth of the future genius took place on the Feast of the Ascension. In addition, on the same day, the granddaughter of Emperor Paul was born, so the birth of Alexander Pushkin was marked by general rejoicing and festivities.

The Pushkin family belonged to the most educated part of society, and poets, artists, and musicians gathered in their house. The future great poet was born in the era of Gallomania - all high society spoke French, French tutors were hired for children. Alexander Pushkin was no exception - a Frenchman was in charge of his primary education. Grandmother Maria Alekseevna Hannibal and nanny Arina Rodionovna also took part in the upbringing.

1811 - Alexander Pushkin was sent to the newly opened Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, located literally next door to the residence of the Russian emperors. The education received at the Lyceum was equivalent to higher education, and students were initially prepared for public service. Three people from the first issue later became Decembrists.

June 1817 - Pushkin was released from the Lyceum with the rank of collegiate secretary of the 12th grade. At the graduation party, Alexander Sergeevich again reads his poem “Unbelief.” Immediately after graduation, Pushkin goes to the Mikhailovskoye estate (located near Pskov) to visit his mother.

1819 - Pushkin joins the Green Lamp literary and theatrical community. The society is led by the Union of Welfare. At the same time, the poet is friends with many members of the Decembrist communities; he himself, however, does not take part in the activities of secret organizations. Writes poems “To Chaadaev”, “Liberty”. Working on the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. Spends some time in Mikhailovsky, recovering from a serious illness.