US Eighth Air Force Museum. US Eighth Air Force Museum 8th Air Force

Relevance of the database: 2019.08.19

To use “KLADR” - Classifier of Addresses of the Russian Federation on the website, we receive current data from the State Register of Addresses of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

Code KLADR: 34000001000047600

Interval of houses Postal code Okato code Tax code

1,10a,11,11b,12,14,14a,15,15a,16,19,19b	400137	18401365000	3443
20,21a,22,24,26,26a,28,28b,28d,3,30,32	400137	18401365000	3443
23a,27,27a,29,31,33,33b,33d,35,35a,35d	400117	18401365000	3443
28a	400052	18401365000	3443
32a,34,36,38,38a,38d,5,6,6a,6b,7,9,9a,9d	400137	18401365000	3443
37,37a,37b,39,40,41,42,43,44,44a,44d,45	400117	18401365000	3443
46.46b,47.47a,47astr1,47b,47d,47k,48.48a	400117	18401365000	3443
48g,48d,48str1,48str2,50,50astr2,52,52a	400117	18401365000	3443
53a,54,54b,54d,56,56a,58,58a,58d,66,66a	400117	18401365000	3443
66str1	400117	18401365000	3443

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Candidate of Historical Sciences,

Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Fatherland,

GOU VPO "Chuvash State

Pedagogical University named after

Soviet aviation in the Battle of Stalingrad

(using the example of the combat work of the 8th Air Army)

During the Battle of Stalingrad, according to a number of researchers, including foreign ones, German aviation suffered its first crushing defeat. After this, the Luftwaffe could no longer achieve the advantage that was observed in the summer of 1942. The 8th Air Army (VA) played a significant role in the battles for air superiority.

In April 1942, the Air Force General Staff proposed to Headquarters to form air armies based on disparate aviation units, which had a number of advantages, the main one of which was the centralization of air force control. The strategically correct proposal was approved by the country's top leadership and four VA were formed in May. On June 11, the Air Force of the Southwestern Front, together with the arriving reserves, was transformed into the 8th VA, the commander of which was appointed thirty-year-old Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General Timofey Timofeevich Khryukin (). The young commander had extensive military experience: he received his first award (Order of the Red Banner) for fighting in the skies of Spain, T. Khryukin became a Hero of the Soviet Union in 1939 for carrying out assignments in China, in the Soviet-Finnish war he was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. At the age of 30, he became a major general of aviation, with more than 100 combat missions to his credit.

Soviet aviation in the battle for the sky of Stalingrad was opposed by the aircraft of the 4th Air Fleet of Germany, whose commander was Wolfram von Richthofen. The first formation of the 8th VA included 10 air divisions (about 450 aircraft), while the enemy had more than double superiority - about 1000 aircraft, of which there were 3002 fighters alone. In July, Khryukin’s army received another 10 fighters, 9 attack aircraft and 3 bomber air regiments (about 200 aircraft), but there was still not enough strength. In such a situation, Soviet aviation suffered heavy losses. German fighters (FV-189, Me-109, Me-PO), operating in groups of up to 12-20 aircraft, relatively easily hit single-seat attack aircraft Il-2, I-16 and British Hurricanes. In air battles, enemy fighters operated in pairs, echeloned in altitude and attacking from above and in the rear. The enemy opened fire from a distance of 100-150 m, which ensured accurate hits. The Germans also widely practiced “free hunt”, which consisted of intercepting and destroying individual Soviet aircraft, especially Po-2s, forcing the latter to switch to flights at dusk, night and dawn. At the same time, Soviet fighter pilots were not fully prepared for battles with such a serious enemy. The lack of sufficient flight training and basic indiscipline took their toll3. In the air, the pilots had little control over the situation, ignored signals from the ground and maneuvers, and interaction within and between pairs was not worked out. So, on October 28, 1942, a group of six Yak-1s of the 287th IAD, covering our troops in Stalingrad, entered into battle with two Me-109Gs. The battle was fought in a crowded manner, without sufficient caution, altitude separation, commands from the guidance point were not carried out, as a result of which one Yak-1 was shot down4. Unlike the German aces, our pilots opened fire to kill, including at bombers, from long distances, which was ineffective. Lack of self-confidence forced the fighters to descend to a height of up to 100 m, while losing the initiative to maneuver vertically. There were also shortcomings in the actions of bomber and attack aircraft of the Soviet Air Force. The command of the 8th VA noted poor teamwork, inability to maneuver, poor training of shooters and poor organization of fire interaction in the group. Thus, on December 13, 1942, six Pe-2s, accompanied by four Yak-1s, were attacked by six Me-109Gs and, despite their superiority, one Pe-25 was lost.

In the summer-autumn of 1942, air battles were so bloody that on average an aviation regiment was sent for reorganization after 2-3 weeks of fighting; an attack aircraft managed to make 10-15 sorties before it was shot down. Particularly fierce fighting began in mid-July, when enemy troops launched a direct attack on the city. German bombers, having previously suppressed the defenders' air defenses, allowed themselves single attacks on targets. These days, the intensity in the fighter regiments amounted to 7 sorties, in the assault regiments - 4 sorties per plane per day. On August 23, German aircraft carried out a heavy raid on Stalingrad: about 2,000 sorties were made that day, as a result of which the city was turned into ruins. It should be noted that the commissar of the 926th IAP of the 220th IAD of the 8th VA, a native of the village of Lebedkino, Morgaushsky district of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Hero of the Soviet Union, took part in the heavy August battles. On August 19, while conducting an air battle against twelve German Me-109 fighters, he shot down one enemy plane in a pair and, wounded, carried the Yak-1 to the front line6.

During September, enemy aircraft carried out 17.3 thousand sorties, reaching maximum levels. In order to weaken the bombing attacks on troops in the Stalingrad area, an operation was developed to destroy enemy aircraft at airfields west of the city, which was carried out at the end of October mainly by the forces of the 8th VA with the support of long-range aviation. As a result, it was possible to significantly reduce the activity of the Luftwaffe: if in October 59 thousand enemy sorties were counted, then in November there were 31 thousand.

Simultaneously with the build-up of the air force at Stalingrad, Soviet aviation began to technically modernize, receiving new combat vehicles (La-5) and ammunition. Thus, according to the order of the People's Commissar of Defense dated January 1, 2001, instructions for controlling, warning and guiding aircraft by radio were put into effect, which made it possible to accelerate its widespread implementation and use. The summer-autumn defensive battles gave the pilots the opportunity to gain experience in conducting air battles. Fighter combat tactics were noticeably enriched: battle formations for performing certain tasks were established, a new form of attack during vertical maneuver was introduced, and radio communications began to become widespread. The accumulation of experience was also evidenced by the frequent resort to “free hunting” by fighters. A new tactic of attack aircraft operating from medium altitude with a transition to a dive was born and fully justified itself. Such actions made it possible to significantly reduce losses among attack aircraft. Also, innovations in her work included conducting active defensive combat with enemy fighters, intercepting enemy bombers by attack aircraft, “free hunting” and reconnaissance in German rear areas. The experience of the Stalingrad battles required the introduction of a two-seater cabin for the Il-2, improved weapons and equipment. The Po-2 light bombers found significant combat use, which showed good results in covering river boats that transported troops and cargo for the 62nd Army across the river. Volga. Using bombs and a ShKAS machine gun, the Po-2 successfully fought against anti-aircraft artillery, hitting enemy searchlights, vehicles and infantry. In general, the level of tactical training of command and flight personnel has increased significantly, and the navigational, bomber and fire training of air units has increased. At the same time, shortcomings in the combat work of Soviet aviation remained.

Its commander did a lot to increase the effectiveness of the combat work of the 8th VA. On his orders, for the first time near Stalingrad, a system of aviation control points in battle was deployed: aviation observers with radio stations were located in the ground troops, who corrected the actions of the aircraft. His decisions also included the organization of 32 false airfields, which were periodically bombed by enemy aircraft, the formation of aces from the 9th Guards and 434th Fighter Regiments, whose pilots became Heroes of the Soviet Union in battles with the elite enemy formations “Udet” and “As- Peak".

During the counteroffensive near Stalingrad, a successful air offensive was carried out at the operational-strategic level. According to the developed operation, the forces of the 8th VA established clear cooperation with the 16th and 17th air armies and launched a massive strike, which effectively contributed to the advancement of ground forces during the encirclement of German troops. The so-called “air offensive”, developed in the 8th VA, later entered into practice and became one of the important pages in the history of military art.

In total, during the Battle of Stalingrad, units of the 8th VA carried out over 55 thousand combat sorties. The pilots took part in 1,187 air battles and destroyed more than 1,850 aircraft, including at airfields. The losses of the army itself amounted to about 1,400 combat vehicles and 1,116 pilots. The bravery, courage, and self-sacrifice of the soldiers and officers of the air force were appreciated by the country's leadership: 25 aces became Heroes of the Soviet Union. For mass heroism, military units of the army were awarded guards ranks: 5 divisions and 15 regiments received their names. In addition, another 17 air regiments, which were part of the 8th VA at various times during the Battle of Stalingrad, received guards banners, and 1 air corps, 3 divisions and 8 regiments received the honorary name “Stalingrad”. The commander of the 8th VA himself was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree, for his skillful and courageous leadership of the unit’s combat operations during the Battle of Stalingrad.

1 See for example: Hayward, Joel S. A. Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler's Defeat in the East, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 19p.

2 Collection of combat documents of the Great Patriotic War. Vol. 7. - M.: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR, 1948. - P. 9.

3 For details, see: Smirnov, A. Combat work of Soviet and German aviation in the Great Patriotic War. - M.: ACT: ACT MOSCOW: Transit book, 20 p.

4 Collection of combat documents of the Great Patriotic War. Vol. 7. - P. 13.

6 Mikhailov, Chuvashia in the Battle of Stalingrad // From the history of Chuvashia during the Soviet period. Sat. articles. - Cheboksary: Research Institute YALIE under the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash SSR. - pp. 84-85.

Application

to participate in the conference “Battle of Stalingrad. A look after 65 years"

2. Place of work. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after. »

3. Position. Deputy Dean for Educational Work, Faculty of History

4. Academic degree, title. Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Fatherland

5. Address. Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Lenin Ave., 18A, apt. 17

6. Telephone. Worker - (8352), home - (8352)

7. Email. Nestor13@yandex.ru

8. Title of the report. “Soviet aviation in the battle for Stalingrad (based on the example of the combat work of the 8th Air Army)”

	Civil aviation in Russia air transport - yesterday, today and tomorrow
The history of the construction of the first Farmans in Russia, 1910 - the first aircraft in Russia

The 8th Air Army was formed in June 1942 at the Air Force Base of the Southwestern Front, consisting of 10 air divisions (269th Fighter, 272nd Bomber, 226th, 228th Attack).

The army's combat path began in defensive battles of the Southwestern troops in the Poltava, Kupyansk, Valuysk-Rossoshansk directions. From July to November 1942 the army took part in defensive battles near Stalingrad. Supporting the troops of the South-Eastern and Stalingrad fronts, army formations carried out bombing attacks on enemy troops and fought stubborn air battles with superior forces of their aviation. In November-December 1942, 8VA supported the front troops in the counter-offensive and participated in the air blockade of the encircled group of Nazi troops during the defeat of the enemy Kotelnikov group. At the beginning of 1943, the army, operating as part of the Southern Front in the Rostov direction, destroyed retreating enemy troops on the roads, covered the advancing troops from the air, conducted aerial reconnaissance, and fought against suitable enemy reserves.

During the general summer offensive of the Soviet troops in 1943, its formations supported the combat operations of the Southern (from October 20, 1943 - 4th Ukrainian) Front in breaking through the enemy defenses on the river. Mius, liberation of Donbass, Melitopol and the southern part of Left Bank Ukraine. In the winter of 1943/44, 8VA supported the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front during the liquidation of the Nikopol group of fascist German troops, ensured the regrouping and concentration of troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front at Sivash and Perekop before the start of the Crimean operation. In April 1944, army pilots, when crossing Sivash and breaking through the Perekop defensive line, carried out bombing and assault strikes on enemy concentration centers, and after breaking through their defenses, they supported front forces during the attack deep into the Crimean Peninsula, the assault on Sapun Mountain, the liberation of Sevastopol, and the liquidation of enemy troops in Cape Chersonesus, attacked enemy ships in the Black Sea. From July 16 to August 3, 1944, as part of the 1st Ukrainian Front, she participated in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation.

In August 1944, the army was transferred to the newly formed 4th Ukrainian Front and supported its troops in overcoming the Carpathians and liberating Transcarpathian Ukraine from Nazi troops. In January 1945, the VA, as part of the 4th Ukrainian Front, fought during the liberation of Czechoslovakia and the southern regions of Poland, and took part in the Moravian-Ostravian operation. The army ended its combat path with participation in the Prague operation and the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia from the enemy. During the war, 8VA flew over 220 thousand sorties. Thousands of army soldiers were awarded orders and medals. The most courageous were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and

The numbers in the tables above, if you look at them, are frankly depressing.
The tonnage of bombs dropped by the NBA chronically exceeds daytime aviation (bombers and attack aircraft) with three times lower losses.
“The liar Rudel” is simply taking a break from claims of enemy losses - the 8th VA reported monthly on the destruction of approximately two enemy tank divisions with several assault divisions in addition.
The level of overbranding, if you remember the corresponding figures of Rastrenin with the frankly insignificant anti-tank capabilities of the IL-2, is even difficult to predict. Regarding enemy aviation, the situation apparently was not much better if in this direction two air armies were frankly a nightmare for only three German fighter groups - in August the ShAP could have gone for reorganization after three days of participation in hostilities.
In concrete terms, over the course of two months, 206 attack aircraft, 83 day bombers and 388 fighters were lost for all reasons. During the day, 1879.149 tons of bombs and 5398 incomprehensibly either kilogram or two-kilogram pieces were dropped. ampoules of AJ with KS liquid and 3871 combat missions were carried out “to attack”. However, reconnaissance missions with combat load were also present, and quite often bombers and attack aircraft were used for reconnaissance missions. During these two months, 1978 reconnaissance missions were flown, I think a reasonable percentage of participation of the Sha and BA in them would be 30-35%.
In total, we will take the number of combat sorties by daytime bomber and attack aircraft to be about 4,500.

From these figures it turns out that the average combat load for a sortie, taking into account reconnaissance, is approximately 418 kg; when the bomb load is distributed exclusively “for attack”, the figure rises to 485 kg. Plus, from 5,398 to 10,418 tons of ampoules with CS liquid are added, which do not radically increase the load.
The losses of the ShA and BA aircraft amounted to approximately 16 sorties per vehicle.

It is connected not only with the history of the development of North America by the British in the 17th century, but is also directly related to the history of England in the mid-20th century. The US Eighth Air Force, stationed in England during World War II, began its history in Savannah. And now there is an aviation museum here.

2. The history of the US Eighth Air Force began on January 2, 1942 at an air base in Savannah, Georgia. On January 8, an order was received to create the American Air Forces in the British Isles (USAFBI).

The 8th Air Force arrived in England in the summer of 1942, constantly increasing the number of battle groups and their range, going to increasingly distant targets and conducting strategic bombings of German territory. Equipped with long-range heavy bombers, Eighth Air Force was tasked with destroying key German industrial targets. On August 17, 1942, B-17 bombers struck the French city of Rouen, using the method of daylight bombing for the first time.

By the end of 1943, American aircraft were striking all military targets in German-held areas of Western Europe and in Germany itself. American planes bombed Berlin, Cologne, Magdeburg, Dresden, Mannheim, Hanover and Hamburg. As a result of the raids, the production of fuel and lubricants was sharply reduced, and the German Air Force suffered significant damage.

By mid-1944, the Eighth Air Force had become the largest armada in history. More than two thousand four-engine bombers and a thousand fighters could take off into the air at once. For this power, the Eighth Air Force received the nickname Mighty Eighth.

By mid-April 1945, the strategic air war ended when units of the Eighth and Fifteenth Air Armies no longer had strategic targets to bomb. The US Air Force was refocused on supplying ground forces until the surrender of Germany.

The strategic forces of the 8th Air Force did not take part in the Korean War, but the 27th Fighter Escort Wing from the Eighth Air Force participated in battles using Soviet MiG-15 aircraft.

In 1955, the strategic aviation fleet was updated - B-47 bombers and KC-97 tankers were replaced by B-58 and B-52 jet bombers and KC-135 tankers.

Since 1965, the Eighth Air Force took part in the Vietnam War, using bases on the islands of Guam, Okinawa and Thailand. In December 1972, the massive bombing of the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong (known as the Christmas Day Bombing Campaign) brought the North Vietnamese government to the negotiating table to end the war.

The US Eighth Air Force played a key role in the start of Operation Desert Storm. Launched from Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, B-52 bombers attacked strategic targets in Iraq.

Currently, the Mighty Eighth is subordinate to the US Air Force Global Strike Command).

3. The museum is located very advantageously - at exit 102 (Exit 102) of the I-95 highway, where the exhibit aircraft are visible from the road. There is a large parking lot in front of the museum with picnic tables in the shade and a cafe inside the building, making the Eighth Air Force Museum not only interesting for learning about the history of US aviation, but also a convenient stop on the road from Atlanta to the coast..

4. Soviet jet fighter MiG-17A with an improved VK-1A engine. The museum displays an aircraft with serial number 1589, armed with two HP-23 (23 mm) and one N-37 (37 mm) cannons. The VK-1 (RD-45) engine is the first Soviet turbojet engine to be mass-produced. Based on the British Rolls-Royce Nene engine.

5. These fighters took part in the Vietnam War, and the Mighty Eighth Air Force Museum displays the aircraft in North Vietnamese Air Force livery.

6. American fighter-bomber McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom. Serial number 64-0815. These aircraft took an active part in the Vietnam War, where Soviet MiGs were their main opponents in the air.