How to preserve the animal world. Is there any point in conserving endangered species? Animal extinction statistics

A lot depends on the presence or absence of plants on planet Earth. A person can live without food for up to forty days, without water - up to three days, but without air - only a few minutes. But it is plants that supply such an essential component as oxygen. Without the participation of plants, there would not be an existing atmosphere in the form in which it exists now. And, consequently, many air-breathing living organisms would not exist. Including humans.

Reasons for disappearance

Scientists warn that in the very near future, at least forty thousand species of tropical plants and approximately eight thousand species from temperate regions may disappear from the face of the Earth. The numbers impress (or should impress) each of us. This is why plant protection is necessary!

The main reasons have long been known. This is in the tropics, grazing of numerous livestock, the use of chemicals that affect the ecosystem, the destruction of natural insect pollinators, and the excessive harvesting of medicinal herbs on an industrial scale. And if we summarize all of the above, then the destructive and sometimes thoughtless activities of man as a species living on the planet.

Ethical nature of the problem

The necessary protection of plants has a mainly ethical and moral aspect. After all, there is still no serious scientific substantiation of this problem. So far, biologists do not have answers to questions about what will happen if certain plant species become extinct, how the general gene pool of nature depends on this, and what the consequences and pace of such a “payback for evolution” will be.

Only a few scientists (for example, Vernadsky) substantiated not only the interdependence of man and nature, but also united them into one whole - the noosphere, for example. And all these issues (including, in particular, plant protection) require us to resolve in the coming years, while the general biosystem is still close to its natural norm.

What does this mean?

Plant protection primarily means supporting natural processes occurring in nature. It is necessary to help restore the disturbed balance and eliminate the consequences of the harmful effects of man, his unreasonable interference in the activities of our common ecosystem.

It’s no joke: over the past few decades, one plant per day has disappeared from the face of the earth, and one animal per year. A genocide of nature that is horrifying in its cynicism! Therefore, the protection of plants and animals that are disappearing from the face of the earth should become a priority task for humanity in the near future.

Red Book

Of course, it cannot be said that nothing is being done in this regard. Among state-level documents protecting animals, one can recall the Red Book. Among plants, it already includes, for example, over four hundred species of flowering plants, about twenty species of algae, more than thirty species of fungi, about ten species of gymnosperms and ferns.

Among the endangered species are the famous common snowdrop, Crimean peony, Lessing's feather grass, and many others. These plants are under state protection. There is liability for their illegal cutting, destruction and use (according to the law).

Protection of rare plants: basic measures

Of these, the most relevant in the modern world is the isolation and protection of habitats. Nature reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries are being actively created and developed (but not to the extent we would like) to ensure the continued existence of endangered plant (and animal) species. In many civilized countries, programs have been developed and are operating for the all-round reasonable use of natural resources by humanity. After all, if we do not take the necessary measures in time, many plants will disappear from the face of the earth completely, and it will be impossible to fill these gaps.

Botanical gardens

Botanical gardens and experimental stations play a huge role in maintaining plant populations, studying and preserving endangered species. They contain certain necessary collections of living plants - representatives of local and exotic flora, contribute to the study and breeding of plants, the creation of new, more productive forms and species. Promising developments include research on plant acclimatization and adaptation to new living conditions in other natural zones. Botanical gardens also perform educational tasks and promote the achievements of the science of botany.

The role of plants in human life

Only in recent decades has humanity fully realized the role of plants in human life. Although some scientists and educators have been saying for a long time that not a single existing species should be allowed to disappear from the face of the Earth.

With the destruction of greenery, people will lose a lot of what the surrounding world contains. Plant protection, in turn, should prevent this. After all, this part is not only a necessary source of health, but also an aesthetic component of the world of art, which has inspired and continues to inspire many artists and writers to create masterpieces of art.

But the most important masterpiece is our common Motherland, whose name is planet Earth! And it is so necessary, especially recently, for all of us to take care of its green population, so that our descendants can enjoy the diversity of plant life.

Reasons for the disappearance of animals

Every year, the diversity of the animal world decreases due to the fact that some species disappear irrevocably. This is caused by an increase in the Earth's population and, accordingly, a decrease in habitat for animals.

Someone might think that the hunting that man does is solely to blame, but this is not so. If this principle worked, then roe deer, deer or saiga would have to fall into the category of “endangered animal species,” which did not happen, since hunting for these animals is regulated by government agencies. The number of “little brothers” is negatively affected by the reduction of their habitat due to deforestation, plowing of steppes, development of deserts, drainage of swamps, clogging of rivers with industrial waste, pollution of the seas, and also the atmosphere. All this destroys animals with the same speed as a gun, poison or traps.

Why endangered animals need protection

Why save endangered species? Many people do not even think about this issue, believing that the disappearance of small species will not have any consequences. However, those who think so are deeply mistaken. The famous scientist D. Durrell said: “Our world is as complex and easily vulnerable as a spider's web. Touching one web will cause everything to tremble.” The fauna of the Earth is not a random accumulation of different species of animals. This is a single system, the loss of any element from which can lead to the most serious changes.

That is why it is necessary to preserve endangered species of animals, each of which is unique and interesting. They need close attention because they are the most vulnerable part of the organic world and can disappear in the shortest possible time.

Protection of wildlife by the state

In order to preserve and increase the number of rare species, states on all continents of the Earth pass laws regarding the protection and use of wildlife. In the Russian Federation, such a law was adopted on June 25, 1980. It was adopted to preserve and increase endangered animal species.

Why are Red Books created?

To record rare species, so-called Red Books are being created both in Russia and in other countries of the world. Endangered animal species around the world require separate registration; for this purpose, the International Red Book was created.

Protection of rare species

Before you begin to protect a rare species, you need to get acquainted with its biology.

One of the most effective methods of animal protection is the creation of nature reserves or sanctuaries. There are more than 150 nature reserves in the Russian Federation, where a large number of animals have been preserved. Among them are the Amur tiger, saiga, goral, Bukhara deer, kulan and others. Zoos located throughout the country help breed endangered species.

How to behave in nature

Everything that surrounds you should be treated with attention and caution. You cannot collect beetles, butterflies and other animals for collection, as this can cause great harm to nature. For humans, nature must always remain inviolable.

The “Strategy for the Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species of Animals, Plants and Fungi” developed by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources was approved back in February 2014. The document defining the basis for the conservation of biodiversity in Russia for the next 16 years (until 2030) was signed by Dmitry Medvedev.

The strategy will significantly increase the effectiveness of the fight against poaching. To achieve this goal, measures will be strengthened to protect certain species of animals and plants that are of particular interest to illegal businesses, in particular, the Amur tiger, Far Eastern leopard, snow leopard, saiga, large species of Falconiformes, early flowering plants - wild species of galanthus, cyclamens and orchids .

The strategy provides for the implementation of special biotechnical measures, the expansion of nurseries, fish breeding centers, botanical gardens and arboretums to preserve rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi. The document is also aimed at improving mechanisms for the protection of animals kept in captivity, including confiscated animals in reintroduction and relocation programs.

The document provides for state registration and monitoring of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, and the development of international cooperation in this area. One of the priority areas of the strategy is environmental education and the formation of citizens’ responsible attitude towards natural complexes and objects, the ministry adds.

1. At the first stage (2015-2017), efforts will be focused on improving legal regulation and the principles of maintaining the Red Books.
2. At the second stage (2018-2020), a system for implementing targeted measures will be created to prevent species of animals, plants and fungi from becoming rare and endangered.
3. The third stage (2021-2030) provides for an assessment of the results of the first two stages and additional measures for the conservation of rare and endangered species.

The implementation of the measures provided for by this strategy will be carried out within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation “Environmental Protection” for 2012-2020, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2012 No. 2552-r, and the state program “Reproduction and use of natural resources ", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 26, 2013 No. 436-r.

Financing of the activities provided for by the strategy will be carried out within the limits of the federal budget for the implementation of state programs for the corresponding year, funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation and local budgets, as well as from extra-budgetary sources.

Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 2014 No. 212-r instructs the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation together with interested federal executive authorities develop and approve by November 30, 2014. action plan for the implementation of the Strategy approved by this order.

• Order and Strategy conservation of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi you can see .
• The draft Action Plan for the implementation of the strategy for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi in the Russian Federation for the period until 2013 (Stage I (2014 - 2017) can be viewed.

The draft Action Plan for the implementation of the strategy for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi in the Russian Federation for the period until 2013 (Stage I (2014 - 2017) is posted for review and receiving proposals from the authorized executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation .

Contact person for sending proposals - Latypov A.A., e-mail: [email protected].

Over time, there are fewer and fewer wild animals left on earth. This is happening because the world’s population is increasing, and the more people there are on the planet, the less space remains for animals to live. Now it is important for us to preserve any species of animal that nature has created over many millions of years, since the fauna of our nature is not a random accumulation of animals, but a single functioning organism. How can we do this? Instructions 1 First of all, for this it is necessary to strengthen environmental protection in order to protect animal habitats from pollution and destruction. This is the most important and primary task at the moment.2 Many animal species are disappearing due to the fact that humans indirectly affect their lives. The whole point is that people involuntarily take away their natural habitats, their feeding areas. The number of animals is also negatively affected by deforestation, drainage of swamps, plowing of steppes, pollution of the seas and atmosphere, development of deserts, and clogging of rivers with industrial waste. These human actions destroy animals as effectively as using traps, poison or guns.3 Human activities such as poaching also need to be eradicated as quickly as possible. It is because of poaching that many species of animals were listed in the Red Book, and some were forever wiped off the face of the earth. Until now, the numbers of some animal species continue to decline. Some people mistakenly believe that animals are becoming extinct only because humans hunt them. But this is fundamentally wrong. Without deliberate and rational hunting, which regulates the number of animals and birds, animals such as deer, roe deer, saigas, etc. would hardly exist now.4 The rational use of the animal world plays an important role. It is necessary to establish a framework for the use of animals, in particular fishing, hunting, etc.5 And, of course, it is imperative to protect endangered species listed in the Red Book. When starting to protect them, it is necessary to thoroughly determine the living conditions of the species. The most effective form of animal protection is the creation of wildlife sanctuaries and reserves. Almost only on their territory it was possible to preserve such animals as saiga, kulan, Amur tiger, goral, sika and Bukhara deer. And, of course, zoos provide considerable assistance in saving and breeding rare animals. Helpful advice Start with yourself, don’t kill innocent animals, donate at least a small amount to preserve endangered species and don’t buy fur products.

More details:

Scientists count five known mass extinctions in the history of the planet, including the extinction of the dinosaurs, and many believe that we have entered the era of the sixth mass extinction. This time, however, human activity is the root cause: complete destruction and reduction of habitats, overfishing, pollution, disruption of food chains and the displacement of non-native species are just a few factors. In addition to the complete disappearance of some animal species, extinction poses a threat to the potential development of science and medicine, which are impossible without the animal world. In addition, the extinction of some species of living beings may affect the amount of human food resources (due to the disruption of the pollination chain). It may seem that the actions and deeds of one person have little impact on such a large-scale problem, but there are many ways to help endangered animals so that they do not become relics.

Steps

How to help animals near your home

Find native species that need help. Endangered species may seem like a distant problem, but in reality, endangered species are close to you. These could be birds, bears or beetles.

• Plant colonists that destroy native vegetation may work together with introduced animals from other regions, which, in the absence of predators, devastate local animal populations. A distinction must be made between invasive and introduced species. The first are species that actively reproduce and displace local and endemic species. Many introduced species of plants and animals coexist freely with local flora and fauna. In fact, almost all agricultural species of animals and plants are introduced species.
• Try to plant native flowers and plants, as native vegetation can attract native birds, butterflies, and other endangered insects and animals.
• Get rid of invasive weeds and introduced plants in favor of native species.
• Make bird feeders that suit native species.

1. Use space wisely. Many people dream of having a huge yard with a perfect lawn, but constant human encroachment into the habitats of wild animals and plants is the main reason for the extinction of species.

   • Make your patio a place that is good for the environment. For example, in dry areas, native plants should be grown that are adapted to living in arid climates - this will help different species of animals survive.
   • Before moving into your new home, carefully consider the space you need. Also consider the benefits of a smaller site (e.g. less work!) and established development sites versus emerging suburban communities.
   • If you are not planning to move, try to reduce the harmful effects in your own yard. Is it possible to return part of the area to a more natural state - for example, replacing a neat lawn with native plants that will grow freely on your land?

   How to combat climate change and pollution

   1. Buy local organic products. Support farmers who don't use pesticides and get food to market without significant fuel consumption (and pollution). Any fight against pollution helps endangered species, and your actions encourage the development of organic agriculture socially and financially.

      Reduce consumption, reuse and recycle waste. Use a local recycling program or create your own initiative to reduce landfill waste.

      • Landfills and waste disposal sites take up space, and some types of waste, like plastic bags and bottles, pollute wildlife and water bodies, leading to very negative consequences for wildlife.
      • Buy things and products without packaging. Go to the store with your package. This will allow you to reduce waste and waste, not to mention pollution during the production and transportation of packaging materials. Whales and tigers will be eternally grateful to you.
      • Invite neighbors to share special tools and rarely used items. For example, set up a free tool rental at your local library.
      • Donate old toys, books, games and clothing to hospitals, shelters and orphanages.
      • Come up with an original way to use, rather than throw away, an old item. A toilet flower pot might not be everyone's cup of tea, but an old kitchen table can easily be turned into a great workshop workbench.

   2. Use your car less often. You can get to work and the market on foot or by bike. It is healthy and safe for the environment. Maintain the delicate balance of our planet's climate. Use public transport.

      Turn off unnecessary lights and appliances to save energy. Unplug TVs, computers and other devices that consume electricity even when not in use. Do not create “vampires” that aimlessly absorb electricity.

      • In addition to taking care of animals and plants, you will start saving money. Not a bad solution if you form such a habit. Invite your friends to help polar bears and save money.

   3. Don't waste water unnecessarily. Turn off the water when brushing your teeth. Buy devices to save water in the toilet, faucets and shower. Repair leaking pipes and faucets in a timely manner. Even a small hole can allow a large amount of water to leak through.

      • Use drip irrigation and other means for rational watering. Unless prohibited by law, use waste water from showers and sinks for irrigation. If you are ready to take such a step, install a dry closet.
      • Humankind's growing demand for water is leading to changes in freshwater ecosystems and reducing groundwater levels. For example, due to the construction of dams and weirs, salmon fish cannot always reach their spawning grounds.

   How to join forces

   1. Support national parks, wildlife refuges, and nature reserves that preserve habitats for endangered species. Become a volunteer, a visitor, a patron of the arts.

      Leave nature untouched. When you visit national parks and just walk in the forest, follow the rules and help keep nature intact: do not leave litter, follow fire regulations, do not touch flowers, eggs, or rocks and logs. Take pictures and protect nature.

      Join a wildlife advocacy group. There are many national and international organizations that are trying to preserve endangered species of animals and plants. You can find such an organization in any city. For example, they remove weeds and plant endemic plants in a local nature reserve. Become a member or even create a new group.

      Encourage farmers and large landowners to preserve wildlife habitats and perennial groves. Tell people about the benefits of this approach. If you don't know anyone like this, become a member of an environmental organization.