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And salary calendar of memorable dates. We travel with archaeologists. Academician without higher education

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.

Born into a teacher's family. While still at school, he was interested in history and local history. In 1925 Okladnikov entered Irkutsk University, here he expanded his knowledge in the “Ethnic Studies” circle of Professor B. E. Petri.

They say about Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov that he had a unique ability to work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. But in archeology he was a real ace. The list of works written by Okladnikov alone amounted to about 80 pages of minute text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich’s entire life was spent on archaeological expeditions; he traveled the length and breadth of the Asian part of the former USSR and often wrote his books while sitting by the fire.

He made scientific discoveries casually, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexey Pavlovich found himself on an excursion near the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who were admiring the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a Stone Age man could have made. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, the material evidence of which was sought in vain by scientists around the world.

In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of ancient man there. We searched for several years, but to no avail. Alexey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.

In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky Rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and for decades conducted his research there, based on the results of which he published two fundamental monographs.

In the 1930s, work began to identify and study ancient monuments in the Angara River valley, where the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was planned. Okladnikov led the Angara archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara over 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow excavations of any significant scale at that time. Ancient monuments could only be recorded and, at best, cursorily examined.

During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia. Together with his wife Vera Dmitrievna Zaporzhskaya, he decided to take a boat down the Lena from the village of Konstantinovshchina and explore 5,000 km of the river valley from its sources to the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

In 1945, in addition to archaeological research in Yakutia, Okladnikov began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition (dating back to approximately 1620) on the northern Thaddeus Island and in the area of ​​the Taimyr Peninsula (Simsa Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who walked east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

For more than half a century, Okladnikov went on expeditions every summer to search for and study traces of ancient man’s presence on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and completely present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many millennia.

In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He worked in this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov’s work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (1908 – 1981)- archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968), Hero of Socialist Labor (1978), born October 3 (September 20), 1908 in the village. Konstantinovshchina, Irkutsk region. After graduating from high school (1925), he studied at the Irkutsk Pedagogical College, at the history department of the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute. In 1934 he entered graduate school at the State Academy of History, from which he graduated in 1938, having defended his thesis on “Neolithic burial grounds in the Angara River valley.” From 1938 to 1961 worked at the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1947, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences for his work “Essays on the history of Yakutia - from the Paleolithic to the accession to the Russian state.”

A new period in the life of A.P. Okladnikov is associated with his move to Novosibirsk (1961). From 1961 to 1966 he served as deputy director of the Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and head of the Department of Humanitarian Research at this institute. In 1962, he was awarded the title of professor in the specialty "Archaeology", he became the head of the department of general history at Novosibirsk University. In 1964, A.P. Okladnikov was elected corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the formation of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in December 1966, he was appointed its director and remained so until the end of his life. His scientific interests were extensive: from Paleolithic monuments to the study of Russian settlements of the 17th–18th centuries.

His interest in history and archeology manifested itself at an early age. In 1924, 16-year-old Alyosha Okladnikov came to Irkutsk with a bag of Stone Age tools found near his native village. In the “Ethnic Studies” circle, under the leadership of Professor B. E. Petri, that year the future famous anthropologists V. F. Debets and M. M. Gerasimov began their journey into science with him. The school of B. E. Petri, and then P. P. Efimenko, with whom A. P. Okladnikov studied in graduate school, determined much in the fate of the scientist. But the fundamental thing was the uniqueness of the multifaceted talent and the work, incomprehensible in its intensity. Expeditions, searches, finds constituted the meaning of his life. Egypt, Mongolia, Cuba, the Aleutian Islands - everywhere A.P. Okladnikov visited, he discovered previously unknown archaeological sites. In our country, from the Urals to Kolyma, from the Pamirs to Taimyr, they discovered many thousands of archaeological sites. He paid a lot of attention to the Far East. And the unique discovery of a Neanderthal boy, whose fossilized remains the scientist excavated in the Teshik-Tash cave in 1938, brought him worldwide fame.

When A.P. Okladnikov, inspired by success, returned from Central Asia to Leningrad, he was dumbfounded by the news that supposedly among young archaeological scientists there had been a certain ... social democratic deviation. "And what is it? – he asked his supervisor. He shrugged his shoulders, but still advised not to deny it, to agree in everything with a comrade from the authorities who came from Moscow. “And if he calls me the Apostle Paul, should I also agree?!” - A.P. Okladnikov was indignant.

In a word, when they called him for a conversation, Alexey Pavlovich passionately and popularly explained that the very concept of “bias” in archeology is complete nonsense! Convinced.

What has this amazing man never experienced!

A.P. Okladnikov’s father, a rural teacher, was shot on Baikal by Kolchak’s men, his mother was from a peasant family, and the path to science for a guy from the taiga Irkutsk hinterland was not strewn with crisp merchant banknotes, like Heinrich Schliemann, who discovered the legendary Troy, who before to discover the “treasures of King Priam”, destroyed traces of many later cities during haphazard excavations. Okladnikov “collected” history carefully, bit by bit, albeit on an incredible scale.

One expedition along the Amur in 1935 is worth it! Then Okladnikov, who was studying in graduate school in Leningrad, was advised by the legendary scientist V.G. Tan-Bogoraz, on whose recommendation the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences instructed the young and energetic Siberian almost single-handedly to begin the search for the ancient cultures of the Amur region and conduct the first systematic excavations there. “The assignment was as responsible as it was difficult,” Alexey Pavlovich later recalled, “but it was also impossible to hesitate. Ahead lay a tempting and mysterious country, a whole world unknown to the archaeologist, about which we still knew so little that every new stone, every shard from there could mean a whole discovery.”

And such discoveries were made already in Khabarovsk itself, where Okladnikov and his partner Mikhail Cheremnykh, a descendant of the Ilim explorers, discovered several ancient burials and collected a large collection of ceramics, bone and stone items. Then, having met a bearded old Believer who sold fish at a noisy bazaar, they rented a large sailing boat from him, at the same time enlisting the owner’s teenage son, who had grown up on the river since childhood, as part of the “team”.

And a difficult, months-long expedition along the Amur began, which would later be called the most important, a milestone in the study of the region’s distant past. Of course, even before Okladnikov, scientists occasionally turned to the study of ancient monuments along the banks of the great river, and the enterprising American B. Laufer even had his eye on the famous rock paintings in Sikachi-Alyan, proposing... to cut them out and take them to American museums. But it was only with Okladnikov that systematic and large-scale research began in the Amur region, which opened previously unknown pages of history. The results of that first Amur expedition are amazing: in the most difficult conditions, on a meager budget ration, Okladnikov, who did not yet have an academic degree, but was surprisingly efficient and observant, accomplished a scientific feat, discovering about two hundred archaeological monuments from different eras and giving science a hitherto unknown civilization. This expedition will later be compared in importance to the campaigns of Poyarkov and Nevelsky, and the famous Japanese scientist K. Kyudzo will call Okladnikov “the greatest of the peasants and the first of the explorers.”

And this strong, tireless Siberian and his colleagues, over the years of expeditions, literally “shoveled” the Amur and other lands, passing through them, as they used to say in the old days, to meet the sun. And since 1953, the North Asian archaeological expedition, headed by Okladnikov, began to operate, which for more than two decades, in contact with Far Eastern scientific organizations, examined a significant part of the Amur region, Primorye and Transbaikalia, studied the preliterate history of the Paleo-Asians, Tungus and other peoples, proving that in deep In ancient times, distinctive aboriginal cultures existed here, making their contribution to the development of world civilization.

Over time, Alexey Pavlovich, having become an academician and heading the Institute of History, Philosophy and Philology of the SB RAS, created his famous scientific school. Many now famous archaeologists were Okladnikov’s students. The activities of local history museums also revived, including Khabarovsk, with whose staff Alexey Pavlovich always willingly collaborated and provided great methodological assistance in the design of exhibitions.

In Khabarovsk they considered him one of their own. And Okladnikov himself liked to be here. He compared Khabarovsk with... Ancient Rome because of the steep hills and streets. And as in the “eternal city”, I was able to discover here traces of several dozen settlements of different eras that existed on the site of the current Amur Boulevard, Central Park, and in other parts of the city. “Khabarovsk is the place where people lived a thousand and ten thousand years ago,” he repeated more than once. And he made finds where, it would seem, everything had been dug up and trampled a long time ago. One day, while walking through the park with the director of the museum, local history writer V.P. Sysoev, on one of the paths he discovered a barely noticeable edge of an ancient vessel, which turned out to be... intact! It’s not for nothing that Okladnikov’s powers of observation were legendary.

He was also considered one of their own in Primorye. Archaeological research in the Primorsky Territory occupied a significant place in his scientific activity. He found and studied here monuments from various eras: the settlements of Osinovka, Ustinovka-1 (Upper Paleolithic), Zaisanovka-1, Rudnaya (Neolithic), Kharinskaya, Kirovsky (Bronze Age), on the Peschany Peninsula, Semipyatnaya (Iron Age) and a number of others . In total, A.P. Okladnikov published more than 100 works on the archeology of the Far East. The works outline a general periodization of ancient and medieval history and characterize the main archaeological cultures. The correctness of many of A.P. Okladnikov’s conclusions is confirmed by the research of modern archaeologists. For outstanding achievements in the field of archeology he was awarded State Prizes (1950, 1973).

“Alexey Pavlovich was not a learned gentleman,” recalls an employee of the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore. N. I. Grodekova A. A. Ponomareva. – A very open, friendly person, although at times he could be harsh in the interests of the cause. Very demanding of himself. He never waited for it to be brought to him, served to him, he was in a hurry to do everything himself...”

Okladnikov pulled the heavy cart of archeology himself, often in defiance of the rapidly changing political situation and always in the interests of truth. Foreign scientists spoke of him with enthusiasm, and supporters of the theory of the northern, Beringian route of settlement of America generally considered him the greatest authority... A.P. Okladnikov always took the position of protecting and protecting archaeological monuments.

Okladnikov foresaw the coming barbarity and ruin when in the last year of his life, already seriously ill, he appealed to the conscience of the inactive Novosibirsk authorities, trying to protect the territory of a unique open-air museum from unauthorized invaders. On the Amur, in the village of Sikachi-Alyan, he dreamed of creating a museum of rock paintings. It is difficult to overestimate the role and significance of A.P. Okladnikov: a bright man, a major scientist, a true leader, he influenced the relations in the community of Far Eastern archaeologists with his very presence.

Many of them warmly remember the outstanding academician, who left a piece of his soul in books, photographs, and museum exhibits.

OKLADNIKOV ALEXEY PAVLOVICH
(20.09(03.10).1908 - 18.11.1981)

Full member (1968), corresponding member (1964) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Historical Sciences (1947), professor (1962). Historian, archaeologist. Specialist in the field of history of primitive society, archeology and ethnography of North, Central and East Asia.

He studied at the Irkutsk Pedagogical College, then at the Pedagogical Institute (1924-1934).

Head of department of the Irkutsk Museum (1927-1934), graduate student at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Leningrad, 1934-1938); senior researcher (1938-1949). On the eve and during the war he worked in Yakutia as part of the Lena historical and archaeological expedition. Deputy director, head Leningrad Department (archeology) (1949-1950), head. Paleolithic sector of the Academy of Sciences (1951-1961).

In the Siberian department since 1961: head. Department of Humanitarian Research, Deputy director (1961-1966), organizer and director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy (1966-1981). Taught at Novosibirsk State University (NSU): professor, head. Department of General History (1962-1981).

One of the largest Soviet historians, founder of the school of researchers of history, archeology and ethnography of Siberia, the Far East, Middle and Central Asia. He discovered numerous monuments of the Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Ages, including the first Neanderthal remains in the country (1938, Teshik-Tash Grotto, Uzbekistan). Discovered and explored the main areas of petroglyphs (rock carvings) of various styles from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. He made a fundamental contribution to the coverage of the problems of human origins, the initial settlement of North Asia, and America. The largest researcher of primitive art. He led the Soviet-Mongolian and the first Soviet-American (Alaska) archaeological expeditions, and was co-chairman of the Soviet-Hungarian commission of historians. Under his leadership, the five-volume “History of Siberia” was prepared and published - the first generalizing work on the history of the eastern regions of Russia.

Hero of Socialist Labor (1978). Awarded numerous orders and medals.

One of the caves in the Altai Mountains, an auditorium at NSU bear his name, a prize named after him is awarded to young scientists of the SB RAS, and a scholarship is awarded to NSU students.

Source:
  • Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian branch: Personnel. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2007. P.198-199.
Additional materials:
  • Information system "Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences"
  • Primorsky State United Museum named after. V.K.Arsenyeva
From the newspaper “Science in Siberia”:
Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:

With. Konstantinovka,
Verkholsky district,
Irkutsk province,
Russian empire

Date of death:
A place of death:

Novosibirsk,
RSFSR, USSR

A country:

USSR USSR

Scientific field:

history, archeology, ethnography

Place of work:

LOIIMK AS USSR, NSU, IAE SB AS USSR

Academic degree:

Doctor of Historical Sciences (1947)

Academic title:

professor (1962),
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968)

Alma mater:

Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute (1934)

Notable students:

D. L. Brodyansky, A. P. Derevyanko, V. E. Larichev, V. I. Molodin

Known as:

founder of the Siberian archaeological school

Awards and prizes




Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov(September 20 (October 3) 1908, village of Konstantinovka, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.

Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1968 in the Department of History (corresponding member since 1964), Honored Scientist of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1956), RSFSR (1957), Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1968), foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( 1976), corresponding member of the British Academy (1973), Poznan University (Poland), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950) and the USSR State Prize (1973). Hero of Socialist Labor (1978).

Biography

Born into the family of a rural teacher. Since childhood, being naturally inquisitive, he was interested in archeology and collected an archaeological collection. This determined his life path.

On January 6, 1920, on Lake Baikal, Semyonov’s Cossacks killed 31 hostages, including among the dead was A.P. Okladnikov’s father, teacher P.S. Okladnikov, who served in Irkutsk as an ensign of the 56th Siberian Infantry Regiment.

After graduating from school in 1925, he entered the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute and studied in the circle of Professor B. E. Petri together with the future famous scientists G. Debets and M. Gerasimov. Already in 1926, his first scientific work, “Neolithic sites on the Upper Lena,” was published. In 1928, he made the discovery of the Shmikin petroglyphs. Okladnikov, who showed promise in science, was invited to graduate school in 1934 at the State Academy of Material Culture in Leningrad. His Ph.D. thesis “Neolithic burial grounds in the Angara Valley” (1938) summed up the archaeological excavations on the Angara.

In 1939-1940, together with N. Sinelkov and M. Gremyatsky, he conducted excavations in Central Asia in the Teshik-Tash valley, where he discovered the remains (skeleton) and site of a Paleolithic man, proving that ancient man lived in deep Asia. For the discovery of the site, the scientists each received a Stalin Prize.

His doctoral dissertation was devoted to “Essays on the history of Yakutia from the Paleolithic to its annexation to the Russian state” (1947).

Then came excavations on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, for the first time in science.

Second in importance after Teshik-Tash was the discovery of the Ulalin site of ancient man in Gorno-Altaisk on July 5, 1961. Eight years before the discovery of the Ulalinskaya site, A.P. Okladnikov complained that “Paleolithic monuments are completely unknown on the territory of the Altai Mountains. Neolithic monuments have not yet been discovered in the mountainous region.” As if polemicizing in absentia with L.P. Potapov, Okladnikov wrote: “Previously, people were accustomed to thinking that Siberia was a deserted desert, that primitive man could have developed the southern regions of the planet.” A.P. Okladnikov called the inhabitants of Ulalinka “troglodytes.” Scientists disagree on the issue of dating. A specialist in the field of geology, professor at Tyumen University L. Ragozin met Okladnikov in Omsk at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the West Siberian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society. Ragozin said: “Your finds on Ulalinka are at least a hundred thousand years old! Much more!" In the spring of 1976, Ragozin arrived in Gorno-Altaisk and “climbed all the surroundings” of the city, not to mention the parking lot.

A.P. Okladnikov again made the last expedition in his life in the summer of 1981 to the Ulalinskaya site.

Scientific activity

In the second half of the 1930s he worked as director of the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore. He became known for his campaign for the preservation of the Znamensky Monastery, which they wanted to demolish to build buildings for the Irkutsk hydroport services.

In 1938-1961 he worked at the Leningrad branch of the IIMK of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1961 - Head of the Department of Humanitarian Research at the Institute of Economics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1966 - Director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk).

Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.

In 1979-1981, he headed the editorial board of the book series “Literary Monuments of Siberia” of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk).

Academic titles and degrees
  • Candidate of Historical Sciences, dissertation topic “Neolithic burial grounds in the valley of the river. Hangars" (1938);
  • Doctor of Historical Sciences, dissertation topic “Essays on the ancient history of Yakutia” (1948);
  • Professor at the Department of World History (1962);
  • Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964);
  • Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968).
Pedagogical activity

He taught at universities in Leningrad and Novosibirsk, and supervised graduate students. Since 1962 - professor and head of the department of general history at Novosibirsk State University.

Memory

He was buried at the Southern Cemetery in Novosibirsk.

  • A cave in Altai was named in honor of Alexei Pavlovich.
  • The name of Academician Okladnikov was given to the Khabarovsk Museum of Archeology.
Bibliography

Research

Author of 60 monographs and about 1000 articles, many of which have been translated into German, French, Spanish and Japanese. He trained and graduated over 30 scientists in graduate school. Therefore, we can talk about the scientific “school” of A.P. Okladnikov.

  • Archeology of North, Central and East Asia. - Novosibirsk: Science, 2003. - ISBN 5-02-029891-3
  • The Far East and the Scythian-Siberian cultural and historical unity // Abstracts of the All-Union Archaeological Conference. - Kemerovo: Kemerovo. University, 1979. - Ancient settlements on Petrov Island // Archeology of Southern Siberia: interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr. - Kemerovo, 1979. - P. 3-13. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Ancient monuments of Maikha Hill // Red Banner. - 1966. - Oct. 5. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Ancient shamanic images from Eastern Siberia // Soviet Archeology. T. X. 1948. P. 203-225.
  • History and culture of Buryatia. - Ulan-Ude: Buryats. book publishing house, 1976.
  • On the history of the initial development of Central Asia by man // Central Asia and Tibet: mat. to the conf. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1972. P. 15-24.
  • Krounovskaya culture // Archeology of the south of Siberia and the Far East. Novosibirsk, 1984. P. 100-114. Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Crown culture // Information on the history and archeology of North-East Asia. Changchun, 1986. No. 5. pp. 27-36. To the whale language Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Cult of the bear among the Neolithic tribes of Eastern Siberia // Soviet Archeology. T. XIV. 1950. pp. 7-19.
  • Multilayer settlement of Maihe I in Primorye // Archaeological discoveries of 1967. - M.: Nauka, 1968. - P. 155-157. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Multilayer settlement of Maihe I in Primorye // Archeology of Siberia and the Far East. T. 2: Primorye. - Tokyo, 1982. - pp. 406-407. In Japanese language - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Baikal region: in 3 parts. - M.; L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950-1955.
  • Neolithic monuments of the Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1974.
  • Neolithic monuments of the Lower Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1976.
  • Neolithic monuments of the Middle Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1975.
  • Essays on the history of Western Buryat-Mongols (XVII-XVIII centuries). - L.: Sotsekgiz, 1937.
  • Petroglyphs of Gorny Altai. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1980.
  • Petroglyphs of Transbaikalia: in 2 parts. - L.: Science, 1969-1970. (Co-authored with V.D. Zaporozhskaya).
  • Petroglyphs of Mongolia. - L.: Science, 1981.
  • Petroglyphs of the Lower Amur. - L.: Science, 1971.
  • Excavations of a multi-layer settlement near the village. Krounovka in Primorye // Archaeological discoveries of 1968. - M.: Nauka, 1969. - P. 208-210. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Excavations of a multi-layer settlement. Krounovka in Primorye // Archeology of Siberia and the Far East. T. 2: Primorye. - Tokyo, 1982. - P. 400-401. - In Japanese. language - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Rudanovskoye ancient settlement // Archaeological discoveries of 1978. - M.: Nauka, 1979. - P. 33. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
  • Pacific archeology: textbook. allowance. - Vladivostok, 1980. - 104 p. - (Pacific Archaeology; issue 1). - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L., Chan Su Bu.
  • Southern Primorye in the Early Iron Age: (some results of excavations of the Maikha settlement complex) // Izv. Sib. Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. society Sci. - 1968. - No. 6, Far Eastern center of ancient agriculture // Sov. ethnography. - 1969. - No. 2, March - April. - P. 3-14. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
Popular works
  • Deer golden horns. - Khabarovsk: Khabarovsk book. publishing house, 1989. - ISBN 5-7663-0040-9
  • Discovery of Siberia. - M.: Young Guard, 1979, 1981 (in the series “Eureka”).
  • Morning of art. - M.; L.: Art, 1967.
  • Roerich - explorer of Asia. - Siberian Lights, 1974, No. 10 (together with Belikov P.F., Matochkin E.P.)
  • Okladnikov A. P., Vasilievsky R. S. In Alaska and the Aleutian Islands / Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy.. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Department, 1976. - 168 p. - (Popular science series). - 71,650 copies.(region)
  • The phenomenon of culture of small peoples of the North // Decorative art of the USSR. 1982. No. 8. P. 23-28. (Together with L.N. Gumilyov)
Editorial work
  • Vorobyov M. V. Ancient Korea: historical archaeologist. essay/answer. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: IVL, 1961.
  • Vorobyov M. V. Ancient Japan: historical archaeologist. essay/answer. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: IVL, 1958.
  • History of Siberia from ancient times to the present day: in 5 volumes / chapter. ed. A. P. Okladnikov, V. I. Shunkov. - L.: Science, 1968-1969.
  • Maydar D. Monuments of history and culture of Mongolia / resp. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: Mysl, 1981.
  • Pavlenko N. I. Alexander Danilovich Menshikov / responsible. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: Nauka, 1983. - 198 p.
Awards
  • By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 2, 1978, academician Alexei Pavlovich Okladnikov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for his great services in the field of archeology and historical science, in the training of scientific personnel and in connection with his 70th birthday.
  • He was awarded three Orders of Lenin (1967, 1975, 1978), three Orders of the Badge of Honor (1945, 1947, 1954), the Order of the Order of Labor (Hungary, 1974), the Order of the Red Banner (Mongolia, 1978), as well as medals.
  • Laureate of the Stalin Prize, 2nd degree (1950) and the USSR State Prize (1973) for editing the five-volume History of Siberia.
Notes
  1. 1973 - OKLADNIKOV O. P.
  2. Natalya Ponomareva Ours, I guess, are Innokenty's. - Irkutsk: Non-state cultural institution "Socio-ecological Expedition InterBAIKAL", 2009. - V. January 16.
Literature
  • Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
  • Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Siberian branch. Personal composition. 1957-1982. Novosibirsk, 1982. P. 47.
  • Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian branch: personnel / Comp. E. G. Vodichev and others - Novosibirsk: Science, 2007. - P. 198-199.
  • Homo Eurosicus in the depths and spaces of history: collection. tr. Intl. conf., dedicated 100th anniversary of academician A.P. Okladnikov. - St. Petersburg. : Asterion, 2008.
  • Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov. M.: Nauka, 1981 (Materials for the biobibliography of scientists of the USSR. Series of history; Issue 13)
  • Brodyansky D. L. A.P. Okladnikov and the problems of the Far Eastern Neolithic // Problems of ancient cultures of Siberia: (collection of scientific articles). Novosibirsk, 1985. pp. 34-37.
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Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.

Born into a teacher's family. While still at school, he was interested in history and local history. In 1925 Okladnikov entered Irkutsk University, here he expanded his knowledge in the “Ethnic Studies” circle of Professor B. E. Petri.

They say about Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov that he had a unique ability to work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. But in archeology he was a real ace. The list of works written by Okladnikov alone amounted to about 80 pages of minute text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich’s entire life was spent on archaeological expeditions; he traveled the length and breadth of the Asian part of the former USSR and often wrote his books while sitting by the fire.

He made scientific discoveries casually, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexey Pavlovich found himself on an excursion near the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who were admiring the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a Stone Age man could have made. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, the material evidence of which was sought in vain by scientists around the world.

In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of ancient man there. We searched for several years, but to no avail. Alexey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.

In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky Rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and for decades conducted his research there, based on the results of which he published two fundamental monographs.

In the 1930s, work began to identify and study ancient monuments in the Angara River valley, where the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was planned. Okladnikov led the Angara archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara over 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow excavations of any significant scale at that time. Ancient monuments could only be recorded and, at best, cursorily examined.

During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia. Together with his wife Vera Dmitrievna Zaporzhskaya, he decided to take a boat down the Lena from the village of Konstantinovshchina and explore 5,000 km of the river valley from its sources to the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

In 1945, in addition to archaeological research in Yakutia, Okladnikov began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition (dating back to approximately 1620) on the northern Thaddeus Island and in the area of ​​the Taimyr Peninsula (Simsa Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who walked east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

For more than half a century, Okladnikov went on expeditions every summer to search for and study traces of ancient man’s presence on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and completely present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many millennia.

In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He worked in this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov’s work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.



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